APhA Immunization Self-Study Evaluation 100% Correct Verified 2024 Version
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APhA Immunization Self-Study Evaluation |
100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version
If a vial of influenza vaccine is left out of the refrigerator on the pharmacy counter overnight, what
should be done with the vaccine? - LO 5.4; Module 5— Vaccine Storage and Handling.
If a vaccine has been expo...
APhA Immunization Self-Study Evaluation |
100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version
If a vial of influenza vaccine is left out of the refrigerator on the pharmacy counter overnight, what
should be done with the vaccine? - ✔✔LO 5.4; Module 5— Vaccine Storage and Handling.
If a vaccine has been exposed to temperatures outside the recommended range, the vaccine should be
quarantined and stored in the refrigerator or freezer (as appropriate based on where the vaccine should
usually be stored). In the case, the IIV should be placed back in the refrigerator. This quarantined vaccine
should be clearly marked "do not use" and the manufacturer should be contacted for further guidance.
Pharmacists should document each of these steps any time there is a break in the cold chain.
The presence of fever, diffuse maculopapular rash, and Koplik spots are characteristic of which of the
following diseases? - ✔✔Module 3—Measles, Mumps, Rubella. Measles
The classic symptoms of measles include fever, cough, coryza (runny nose), conjunctivitis, Koplik spots (a
bluish-white rash on mucous membranes, especially the mouth), followed by the development of a
maculopapular rash approximately 14 days after exposure. Individuals infected with mumps may not
have symptoms. Others may have nonspecific symptoms, such as headache, fever, myalgia, and malaise.
About 30% to 40% of individuals may experience inflammation of the parotid glands. Rubella symptoms
tend to be relatively mild and may present as a maculopapular rash that occurs approximately 14 days
after exposure. Others may experience arthritis and arthralgia. Varicella presents as a generalized
vesicular rash.
What is the type of immunity that occurs when a pregnant woman is vaccinated with Tdap to protect the
infant from pertussis after birth? - ✔✔LO2. 1; Module 2—Passive vs. Active Immunity
Acquired immunity involves immunological memory. It is something the body develops upon exposure to
pathogens or antigens and results in antigen-antibody complex formation. Cell-mediated immunity is a
component of acquired immunity and destroys pathogens that have entered cells. Acquired immunity
can be active or passive. Active immunity occurs when an antigen from an invading pathogen or a
vaccine triggers the immune system to respond. Passive immunity happens when antibodies are
provided from another source, such as or upon receipt of blood products or immunoglobulin when
maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus. This is the reason Tdap is given with every pregnancy—
the maternal antibodies passed to the fetus protect the newborn from pertussis.
Which of the following is recognized by sociologists as a factor in a patient's decision whether to be
vaccinated? - ✔✔Module 4—Educating Patients About Vaccines.
,Sociologists have identified five key factors in a person's decision to be vaccinated: 1) perceived
susceptibility to a disease, 2) perceived seriousness of a disease, 3) perceived vaccine benefits, 4)
perceived vaccine barriers (e.g., adverse effects, access), and 5) social influence (e.g., recommendation
from a health care provider)
What is the most common complication of pertussis? - ✔✔Module 3 - Pertussis
Pertussis, which is is caused by Bordetella pertussis, infects the respiratory tract and produces toxins that
interfere with the function of the respiratory tract, ultimately causing the characteristic symptoms of
pertussis. Symptoms begin as they would for the common cold but then transition to the paroxysmal
(whooping) cough. Given the impact on the respiratory tract, pneumonia is the most common
complication. Poor oxygenation during the coughing episodes can lead to hypoxemia and seizures, but
these are less common. Colic is inconsolable crying, which has been attributed to abdominal pain. This is
unrelated to pertussis.
Which type of vaccine involves stimulation of B cells without the assistance of T helper cells? -
✔✔Module 2—Polysaccharide and Conjugated Vaccines
A pure polysaccharide vaccine does not require T-helper cells to produce an immune response. It is
mediated solely through B cells. As such, they are T cell-independent. The immune systems in children
younger than 2 years of age are too immature to mount an immune response by this method. In
addition, there is no booster effect and any immunity developed is relatively short-lived. When a
polysaccharide vaccine is altered by adding a protein, it is considered conjugated. The immune response
changes to one that is T cell-mediated. This mechanism allows children younger than 2 years of age to
form an immune response. Conjugated vaccines provide longer-lasting protection. A recombinant
vaccine is made by using recombinant DNA technology. Both live attenuated vaccines and recombinant
vaccines mimic natural infection and involve T cells in the immune response.
HZV should not be administered to a patient with a history of anaphylaxis to: - ✔✔LO 3.3; Module 3—
Herpes Zoster, Contraindications and Precautions
Gelatin can be found in the MMR vaccine, rabies vaccine, typhoid vaccine, varicella vaccine, yellow fever
vaccine, herpes zoster vaccine (HZV), and any combination vaccines that include these. A patient with a
severe allergy to gelatin would have a contraindication to receiving these vaccines. HZV also contains
neomycin, but does not contain egg protein, latex, or tree nuts.
A health care provider who has not been vaccinated against hepatitis B is stuck by a contaminated
needle after administering an immunization to a hepatitis B-positive patient. In addition to hepatitis B
vaccine, the health care provider also should receive hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIG) as postexposure
, prophylaxis because the HBIG provides: - ✔✔LO 2.1; Module 2—Passive and Active Immunity Can Be
Complementary
Giving both the hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) allows for active and passive
immunity. Active immunity occurs when the antigen from the vaccine triggers the immune system to
respond. The vaccine will provide long-term protection but it takes the body about two weeks to develop
immunity. Passive immunity happens when antibodies are provided from another source, such as
immunoglobulin. Passive immunity is short-live, but it provides protection right away.
Which of the following diseases are transmitted through mosquito bites? - ✔✔Module 3—Vaccines for
International Travel
Mosquito-borne infections for which vaccines are available include yellow fever and Japanese
encephalitis. Typhoid fever is spread by Salmonella typhi in food and water. Hepatitis A is spread via the
fecal-oral route. Haemophilus influenzae type b and measles are spread by respiratory transmission.
In the event that a young child is fussy following the receipt of a vaccine, pharmacists should advise
parents to: - ✔✔LO 4.8; Module 4—Common Adverse Events
Young children may experience drowsiness, fretfulness, or poor appetite following vaccination. Parents
should be advised to plan quiet activities and comfort their children as needed. Children's formulations
of acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be used to relieve local discomfort, if needed. Aspirin is not
recommended for use in children. If more serious adverse reactions occur, parents should be instructed
to seek emergency care and to follow up with the pediatrician as necessary.
RotaTeq (RV5) should be administered as a - ✔✔LO 3.4; Module 3—Rotavirus, Vaccine
Recommendations
There are two live, oral vaccines available to prevent rotavirus. However, the dosing differs between the
two. RotaTeq (RV5) is administered orally in a 3-dose series, with doses administered at ages 2, 4, and 6
months. Rotarix (RV1) is administered orally in a 2-dose series, with doses administered at ages 2 and 4
months.
Which disease is characterized by the development of a membrane on the tonsils, pharynx, or larynx,
leading to respiratory obstruction? - ✔✔Module 3—Diphtheria
Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which enters the body through the respiratory
tract. C. diphtheriae can infect any mucous membrane in the body, with the most common sites being
the tonsils, pharynx, larynx, and nasal mucosa. The infection can cause tissue destruction and usually
results in the formation of a pseudomembrane, which is a characteristic sign of diphtheria infection. This
bluish-white membrane develops on the tonsils and pharynx within 2 to 3 days. As the membrane
extends into the airway, it can lead to respiratory obstruction. Bordetella pertussis, infects the
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