1. Which of the following is/are TRUE for RNA compared to DNA?A) RNA has ribose sugar in its nucleotides, rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA.B) RNA is usually single stranded and can make more complex three-dimensional molecular shapes than double-s
TEST 3 GENETICS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
1. Which of the following is/are TRUE for RNA compared to DNA?A) RNA has ribose sugar in its
nucleotides, rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA.B) RNA is usually single stranded and can make
more complex three-dimensional molecular shapes than double-stranded DNA.C) RNA contain the bases
A, G, C, and U, whereas DNA contain the bases A, G, C, and T.D) RNA can catalyse biological reactions,
but DNA cannot.E) All of the answer options are correct. - ANSWER E
2. Before the completion of the human genome project, it was generally estimated that human DNA
would contain up to 100,000 genes. We now know humans contain only around 25,000 individual genes
within our genomes. This "gene count" is so surprising because: - ANSWER E
3. The spliceosome functions to:A) insert introns into mRNA sequences before translation.B) create
noncoding sequences in genes to enhance gene stability. C) remove noncoding introns from transcribed
RNAs.D) control translation, ensuring that only exons are translated.E) inhibit transcription of noncoding
DNA regions. - ANSWER C
4. Template strand DNA and encoded RNA are:A) complimentary of one another with antiparallel
orientation.B) complimentary of one another but share the same 5′-3′ orientation. C) identical
sequences with the exception of U substituted for T.
D) different with regard to the inclusion of introns. - ANSWER A
5. In what cellular compartment are introns removed from pre-mRNA to make mature mRNA?
A) cytoplasmB) endoplasmic reticulum C) nucleusD) mitochondriaE) Golgi apparatus - ANSWER C
6. The "RNA World" theory suggests that:A) RNA is the intermediate between DNA and proteins.B) RNA
was the genetic material in the first living cells.C) many RNAs are capable of self-splicing.D) eventually,
RNA will become the genetic material of most living organisms. E) RNA viruses are more dangerous than
DNA viruses. - ANSWER B
7. The experimental value of a "pulse-chase" cellular labeling experiment using radioactive uracil is that:
A) all RNAs within a cell are labeled and easily detected.B) the radioactivity allows for easy purification of
cellular nucleic acids.C) all RNAs created during the pulse are labeled and detectable, revealing their
stability
,and localization.D) the spliceosome function is easily seen with radiolabeled RNAs in the cellular
cytosol.E) cells adapt to the pulse of radioactivity, revealing nucleic acid repair mechanisms. - ANSWER C
8. Which of the following is evidence that RNA was a message-carrying intermediary between DNA and
protein?
A) A hydroxyl group is present on ribose.B) RNA is single stranded and thus cannot be copied by
semiconservative replication in
a manner similar to DNA.C) RNA structure includes a molecular code, proving that it carries a genetic
message. D) RNA is produced in the nucleus (with DNA) and then migrates to the cytosol, the
location of protein synthesis.E) Pulse-chase experiments revealed RNA to be exclusively localized to the
nucleus. - ANSWER D
9. Pulse-chase experiments provided evidence that:A) RNA is made of ribose sugars rather than
deoxyribose.B) RNA is an information-transfer intermediary between DNA and protein. C) many viruses
have RNA genomes.D) RNA is capable of catalyzing biological reactions.E) RNA is synthesized in short
pulses of transcriptional activity. - ANSWER B
10. If the DNA template 5′-ATGCATGC-3′ were transcribed to RNA, the RNA would read:read:
A) 3′ TACGTACG 5′. B) 5′ AUGCAUGC 3′. C) 5′ UACGUACG 5′. D) 3′ UACGUACG 5′. E) 5′ATGCATGC 3′. -
ANSWER D
11. The spliceosome includes both protein and a functional type of RNA known as: A) transfer RNA
(tRNA).B) small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).C) micro RNAs (miRNAs).
D) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). E) ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). - ANSWER B
12. These functional RNAs function to regulate protein production of specific genes. A) transfer RNA
(tRNA)B) small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs)C) micro RNAs (miRNAs)
D) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) E) ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs)
Answer: C - ANSWER C
13. Which of the following is/are TRUE about functional RNA?
A) Functional RNAs do not encode proteins and are active as RNA.
,B) Some functional RNAs encode proteins.
C) Examples of functional RNA include mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
D) Examples of functional RNA include tRNA, rRNA, snRNA, and miRNA.
E) Functional RNAs do not encode proteins, and examples include tRNA, rRNA,
snRNA, and miRNA. - ANSWER E
14. Which of the following mRNA codons would form a codon-anticodon base pairing interaction with
the 3′-UAG-5′ tRNA anticodon?A) 3'- ATC-5'B) 5'- GAU-3'
C) 5'-ATC-3' D) 3'-AUC-5' E) 5'-AUC-3'
Answer: E - ANSWER E
15. RNA synthesis is always 5' to 3' because:A) the unwinding of the double-stranded DNA can only move
one direction.B) nucleotides can only be added to an available 3'-OH group on the transcript terminus. C)
nitrogenous bases cannot pair up in the 3' to 5' direction.D) the structure of ATP restricts 3' to 5'
polymerization into RNA.E) RNA synthesis can move in the 3' to 5' direction. - ANSWER B
16. The role of tRNA is to:A) serve as an intermediate in the decoding of genes.B) act as transporters
bringing amino acids to the site of protein synthesis. C) serve as general translational components of the
ribosome.D) facilitate splicing of pre-messenger RNAs.E) facilitate protein trafficking in protein secretion.
- ANSWER B
17. In a chromosome, which of the following is TRUE?A) RNAs of different genes can be transcribed off
either DNA strand, but always 5' to 3'. B) RNAs of different genes can be transcribed off either DNA
strand, but always 3' to 5'. C) The RNAs of all genes are synthesized 5' to 3' off the same DNA strand.D)
The RNAs of all genes are synthesized 3' to 5' off the same DNA strand.
E) Different genes can be transcribed off either strand, some in the 5' to 3' direction and some in the 3'
to 5' direction. - ANSWER A
18. Which of the following acts before the others? A) tRNA alignment with mRNAB) aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetaseC) RNA polymerase
D) ribosome movement to the next codon E) amino acid chain elongation - ANSWER C
19. RNA polymerase can transcribe in different directions on a chromosome. This is enabled because:
, A) genes and their associated promoters can be oriented in either direction along a chromosome.
B) RNA polymerase can transcribe from either strand of DNA, synthesizing RNA in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
C) the chemistry of RNA synthesis is identical regardless of which strand is transcribed. D) the 3′ end of a
gene is always the template strand.E) All of the answer options are correct. - ANSWER E
20. The -10 and -35 boxes found in most bacterial promoter elements were discovered by: A) comparing
the DNA sequences in front of highly expressed genes and determining
nucleic acids that were common (consensus).
B) the finding that RNA polymerase begins translation when a 10-nucleotide followed
by a 35-nucleotide repeat of guanine ("G") are encountered.
C) comparing bacterial promoters to known eukaryotic promoters.
D) examining data from the human genome project.E) Robert Koch as he characterized the microbe that
causes tuberculosis. - ANSWER A
21. The -10 and the -35 boxes found in bacterial gene promoters function to: A) recruit DNA polymerase
activity for DNA replication before cell division. B) activate transcription at the -35 region of a gene.C)
orient RNA polymerase at a gene's transcription start site.
D) identify the boundaries between introns and exons.E) identify the boundaries for DNA unwinding
during transcription. - ANSWER C
22. The sigma factor protein's role in transcription in E. coli includes which of the following?A) forms part
of the core enzyme required for transcription initiationB) helps the holoenzyme to bind to the promoter
C) contributes to the proof reading activity of RNA polymerase D) plays a role in transcription
terminationE) All of the answer options are correct. - ANSWER B
23. Why does E. coli have several different sigma factors?A) They allow different RNA polymerases to
bind to the promoters.
B) They allow the different subunits of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme to bind to each
other.
C) There is no good reason. They all perform the same function.
D) One is needed to transcribe mRNA. A second is needed to transcribe tRNA. And a
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