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NR 293: final pharm Exam Questions with Answers
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NR 293: final pharm Exam Questionswith Answers
Antacids containing magnesium salts commonly causes ____ - -Diarrhea
-Antacids containing aluminum salts commonly causes ____ - -Constipation
-Antacids containing calcium salts commonly causes _____ - -Constipation +
Kidney Stones
-What are the adverse effects of adsorbents [antidiarrheal drugs]? - -
increased bleeding time, constipation, dark stool, confusion, tinnitus, metallic
taste, blue gums
-What are the adverse effects of anti-motility drugs? - -urinary retention,
impotence [ED], headache, dizziness, anxiety, drowsiness, bradycardia,
hypotension, dry skin, flushing, and blurred vision
-What are the adverse effects of opiates? - -drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy,
nausea, vomiting, constipation, hypotension, urinary retention, flushing,
respiratory depression
-What are the two most common toxicities associated with amino glycoside
administration? - -nephrotoxicity [renal damage]
ototoxicity [affect hearing + balance function]
-Major adverse effects are caused by anti fungal drugs when administered in
combination with ampothericin B. What actions should the health care
professional initiate? - -Administer pre medications [antipyretic or
acetaminophen, antihistamine, antiemetic, and corticosteroid] to minimize or
prevent infusion related reactions
fever, chills, hypotension, tachycardia, malaise, muscle and joint pain,
anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and headache
**During IV infusions, monitor patient q15-30 minutes**
-Which antibiotic is indicated to treat MRSA infection through IV
administration? - -Vancomycin [Vancocin]
,**parenteral form used to treat bone, joint, and bacterial blood infections
from staphylococcus spp.**
-What are the most common adverse effects associated with Vancomycin
drug administration? - -Red man syndrome- flushing and itching of head,
face, neck, and upper trunk area when drug is infused too quickly
hypotension from drug being infused too quickly
additive neuromuscular blocking effects in patients taking neuromuscular
blockers
**alleviate adverse effects by slowing rate of infusion of drug dose over 1
HOUR**
-The health care provider MUST monitor serum drug levels to ensure
therapeutic levels and prevent toxicity during vancomycin drug
administration. What are the inappropriate levels and associated adverse
effects? - -< 5 mcg/mL --> reduced antibacterial effect
> 50 mcg/mL --> ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
-What is the drug mechanism of action of vancomycin? - -binds to bacterial
cell wall --> immediate inhibition of cell wall synthesis --> bacterial death
-The oral drug form of vancomycin is indicated to treat which infection? - -C.
Difficile and staphylococcal enterocolitis
poor absorption from GI tract
-What is important before administering antibiotic drug therapy? - -It is
ESSENTIAL to obtain cultures from appropriate sites BEFORE beginning
antibiotic therapy to identify the causative organism and potential antibiotic
susceptible to determine if empire therapy is effective for destroying the
bacteria
-What is important when initiating treatment of Oseltamivir [Tamiflu] or
Zanamivir [Relenza] indicated for influenza infections? - -Treatment NEEDS
to begin within TWO DAYS of symptom onset
-What are the four stages of HIV infection according to the WHO model? - -
1. **Asymptomatic infection**
○ Few weeks or months after initial exposure to virus
○ Asymptomatic but show signs of lymphadenopathy
○ Virus is present in blood at low levels
2. **Early, general symptoms of disease**
, ○ Lymphadenopathy, fever, rash, sore throat, night sweats, malaise,
diarrhea, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, oral candiasis, shingles
○ Pt's own antibodies [HIV antibodies] appear in blood 3 wks. - 3 mo. Post
exposure
3. **Moderate symptoms**
○ Weight loss, chronic diarrhea, fever, CD4 counts drop
4. **Severe symptoms --> death**
○ Increased viral replication --> increased destruction of helper T cells and
CD4 counts [death = < 50 cells]
-Which class of drugs [-QUINE] may be used in combination with
sulfonamide, tetracycline, and clindamycin for a synergistic or additive killing
power? - -Antimalarial Drugs
-Which antimalarial drug is used to treat malaria infections AND cardiac
dysrhythmias by decreasing excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscle? - -
Quinidine
-What is the drug mechanism of action for Metronidazole [Flagyl]? - -
interfere with DNA --> inhibits protein synthesis --> cell death
directly kills protozoans by causing free-radical reactions that damage DNA
-When used for prophylactic treatment, which class of drugs should be
started 1 to 2 weeks BEFORE potential exposure to ____ and 4 to 8 weeks
AFTER leaving the area? - -Antimalarial Drugs
-What are the most common adverse effects related to antibiotic therapy? -
-nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
-What is important to remember when administering [-CILIN] drugs? - -DO
NOT administer a [-CILIN] if known drug allergy to penicillin.
-Which class of drugs may have a potential cross-sensitivity if administered
with PENICILLIN? - -Potential cross-sensitivity with penicillin if allergies to
CEPHALOSPORIN exist
Similar to penicillin therefore allergic reaction is likely
ONLY patients who had serious anaphylactic reaction to penicillin DO NOT
administer cephalosporin drug [swelling or hives]
Monitor patients for an allergic reaction for AT LEAST 30 minutes AFTER drug
administration
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