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Exam (elaborations)

HSC 404, Final Exam Test With Verified Solutions 2024

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HSC 404, Final Exam Test With Verified Solutions 2024HSC 404, Final Exam Test With Verified Solutions 2024HSC 404, Final Exam Test With Verified Solutions 2024HSC 404, Final Exam Test With Verified Solutions 2024HSC 404, Final Exam Test With Verified Solutions 2024HSC 404, Final Exam Test With Veri...

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  • June 7, 2024
  • 22
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
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DoctorKen
HSC 404, Final Exam Test With Verified

Solutions 2024


1. The population etiologic fraction is a measure of the proportion of the

disease rate in a population attributable to the exposure of interest. This

measure of effect is influenced by: - ANS --the relative risk of the disease in

exposed individuals versus unexposed individuals


AND


-the prevalence of the exposure in the population




2. If it is accepted than an observed association is a causal one, an estimate

of the impact that a successful preventative program might have, can be

derived from: - ANS -attributable risk

,When assessing a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and oral

cancer using a case-control study, increasing the sample size of the study will

result in:


-a lower p value


-a greater odds ratio


-a smaller 95% confidence interval


3. -a higher disease prevalence - ANS --none of the above




4. An attributable-risk percent of 80% was calculated for the association

between smoking and lung cancer death. The best interpretation of this

statistic would be: - ANS -Of those dying of lung cancer who smoke, 80% of

those deaths are attributed to their smoking, assuming a causal association

exists.




5. Several studies have found that approximately 85% of cases of lung

cancer are due to cigarette smoking. This is an example of: - ANS -

attributable risk

, 6. Selection bias is most likely to occur in: - ANS -both retrospective cohort

studies and case control studies




7. Recall bias is most likely to occur in: - ANS -case control studies




8. In a study to determine the incidence of chronic disease, 150 people were

examined at the end of a three-year period. Twelve cases were found,

giving a cumulative risk of 8%. Fifty other members of the initial cohort

could not be examined; 20 of these 50 could not be examined because

they died. Which source of bias may have affected the study? - ANS -

selection bias: survival bias




9. You are investigating the role of physical activity in heart disease and

suggest that physical activity protects against having a heart attack. While

presenting these data to your colleagues, someone asks if you could have

thought about confounders such as factor X. This factor X could have

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