Summary Grade 8 Term 3 Notes History - The Scramble for Africa
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Course
History
Institution
8th Grade
This summary document contains all topics and subtopics covered in the subject of Grade 8 History Term 3. Detailed and infographic summary document that includes keywords and graphics like pictures and timelines
,Definitions/Keywords
1. Exploited – for something to be used to its greatest advantage
2. Valid – means or makes good sense
3. Colonialism – the practice of assuming political control of another country
4. Imperialism – policy or practice of extending a state’s rule over other
territories or countries, thus creating an empire
5. Commerce - the activity of buying and selling goods and services
6. Civilisation - a well-organized and developed society
7. Christianity – the religion that follows the teachings of Jesus Christ
8. Emancipate – to free something or someone
9. Missionaries – people who helped in the colonising process by converting
indigenous people to Christians
10. Empires – a group of countries ruled by a single government
11. Regime – a government system
12. Treaties – a signed agreement between 2 or more groups
, The Berlin Conference
- The competition among European powers to take advantage of Africa’s
resources increased
- European powers decided instead of arguing and fighting over Africa they
would divide Africa among the most powerful countries in Europe
- Countries involved include
Britain, France, Germany,
Belgium, Portugal, Italy, etc
- German Chancellor/PM, Otto
Van Bismarck organised the
conference
- The conference was attended
by 14 European government
representatives and the USA
- No Africa leaders were invited
Results of the Berlin
Conference
- Borders were drawn up
- Natural, cultural and language groups were divided
- Families and neighbours were split up, this led to some family members
living in new countries, under a new rule
Imperialism and the 3 C’s of Colonialism
- Europeans believed they had a duty of those they colonised. They
believed their power was measured by the colonies they owned
- Their beliefs became known as the “3 C’s of Colonialism”
Commerce
- Europeans saw Africa as an excellent market for which money could be
made
Civilisation
- Europeans believed Africa as the “Dark Continent” that needed to be
civilised
- Africa did not have the technology that could have enabled effective in the
resistance to European aggression
Christianity
- Missionaries wanted to replace traditional African
religions and Islam with Christianity
- They saw it as their duty to spread the teaching of
Jesus Christ and the Bible
Conquest
- The three C’s are linked to the 4th C
- Conquest involves
- violently taking over other people’s land
- reducing freedom, dignity and human rights of
local inhabitants
- the exploitation of natural resources
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