EDEXCEL A LEVEL HISTORY- THE BRITISH EMPIRE- AUSTRALIA PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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EDEXCEL A LEVEL BRITISH HISTORY
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EDEXCEL A LEVEL BRITISH HISTORY
When did the First Fleet arrive at Botany Bay? 18th January 1788
Who was in command of the First Fleet? Arthur Phillip
Who was aboard the fleet? Convicts who had been transported rather than receiving the death penalty
Why was a prison colony in New South Wales necessary? Petty crime was spirall...
EDEXCEL A LEVEL HISTORY - THE BRITISH EMPIRE - AUSTRALIA PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS When did the First Fleet arrive at Botany Bay? ✅18th January 1788 Who was in command of the First Fleet? ✅Arthur Phillip Who was aboard the fleet? ✅Convicts who had been transported rather than receiving the death penalty Why was a prison colony in New South Wales necessary? ✅Petty crime was spiralling out of control in Britain and prisons were becoming overcrowded What was seen to cause the increase in crimes and why? ✅Industrial revolution - many people struggled to survive and resulted to petty crime Who was Australia already home to for 40,000 years? ✅Aborigines However, what was the Latin term that meant it was 'nobody's land'? ✅Terra Nullis How successful was the journey of the First Fleet? ✅Very - there were only 69 deaths, desertions or discharges and no ships were lost Who was the botanist that claimed Botany Bay had fertile soil? ✅Joseph Banks However, what did Botany Bay actually lack? ✅Fertile soil and water On the 26th of January, where did Phillip go from Botany Bay? ✅Sydney Cove Why did Cook claim New South Wales to be empty and available for the convicts when he returned from his expedition? ✅Since the aborigines didn't farm the land, they couldn't claim it was theirs Why couldn't convicts be sent to the American colonies anymore? ✅America had declared independence from the British in the War of Independence What would Britain be preventing by establishing a settlement in New South Wales? ✅Any French territorial claim of the territory Why was weight given to Norfolk Island? ✅It had pine trees and flax which was crucial to shipbuilding What crime had 2/3 of the convicts committed? ✅Theft What task did Phillip give the seamen? ✅Overseers or even a police force However, what sort of environment did Sydney prove itself to be? ✅Challenging Why? ✅- Within 6 months, the livestock had been eaten or disappeared - Farming was poor - the convicts had no farming skills, the soil was thin, and no animal suitable enough to pull a plough - Building was delayed by the process of making bricks and the lack of mortar - They needed a second fleet Why was Phillip's task difficult? ✅He had to control the convicts, build adequate shelter, command the marines, manage smooth relations with aborigines, encourage civil behaviour to reform the convicts, and develop a township and an economic life, all without advice from London What did Phillip begin to resort to to control the convicts? ✅Harsh punishments like flogging and hanging Once the convicts had served their sentence, what were they granted? ✅Plots of land in which they could live Why did this not ease demands for government supplies? ✅Former convicts had no farming skills and there was no real internal market due to the reliance on government supplies How did Phillip allocate work among the convicts? ✅On the basis of their skills By 1792, how many acres of land were under public and private cultivation? ✅1,000 under public cultivation and 516 under private cultivation What were the 4 reasons the British could survive the first 2 years after the departure? ✅- Phillip's good preparation for the journey - The second colony at Norfolk Island - Phillip's control of food stores - Relocation to better farmland Phillip's preparation for the journey: ✅Phillip's preparation ensured that the death rate on board the first fleet was low (3%). The colony also managed to survive until 1790
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