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The Ultimate AP World History Set
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The Ultimate AP World History SetMesopotamia - correct answer-A region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that
developed the first urban societies. In the Bronze Age this area included Sumer and the
Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires, In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the
Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires.
Fertile Crescent - correct answer-The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers gave life to the first known
agricultural villages in this area about 10,000 years ago and the first known cities about
5,000 years ago.
ziggurat - correct answer-A temple tower of ancient Mesopotamia, constructed of square or
rectangular terraces of diminishing size, usually with a shrine made of blue enamel bricks on
the top
pictograms - correct answer-A pictorial symbol or sign representing an object or concept
cuneiform - correct answer-The earliest known form of writing, which was used by the
Sumerians. The name derives from the wedge shaped marks made with a stylus into soft
clay. Used from the 3000s BCE to the 100s BCE.
ideograms - correct answer-A character or figure in a writing system in which the idea of a
thing is represented rather than it's name (example: Chinese)
Sumer - correct answer-The world's first civilization, founded in Mesopotamia, which existed
for over 3,000 years.
Xia - correct answer-A legendary Chinese dynasty that was not believed to exist until
relatively recently. Walled towns ruled by area-specific kings assembled armies, built cities,
and worked bronze. Created pictograms which would evolve in to the first Chinese script.
Shang Dynasty - correct answer-An early Chinese dynasty. Not a unified Chinese state.
Instead rulers and their relatives gave orders through a network of cities. Earliest evidence of
Chinese writing comes from this period.
Zhou Dynasty - correct answer-Succeeded the Shang dynasty. Similar to the Shang And Xia
dynastic periods in that China was fragmented politically. Yet, despite the lack of true
centralization, this was one of the longest Chinese dynasties, lasting about 600 years. It left
substantial written records, unlike the preceding dynasties.
Yellow River - correct answer-Also known as the Huang-He. The second longest river in
China. The majority of ancient Chinese civilizations originated in its valley.
Oracle Bones - correct answer-The earliest known Chinese writing is found on these from
ritual activity of the Shang period.
,Teotihuacan - correct answer-A large central city in the Mesoamerican region. Located about
25 miles Northeast of present day Mexico City. Exhibited city planning and unprecedented
size for its time. Reached its peak around the year 450.
Jenne-Jeno - correct answer-One of the first urbanized centers in western Africa. A walled
community home to approximately 50,000 people at its height. Evidence suggests
domestication of agriculture and trade with nearby regions.
Great Zimbabwe - correct answer-A stone-walled enclosure found in Southeast Africa. Have
been associated with trade, farming, and mining.
Hammurabi - correct answer-The first king of the Babylonian Empire. Best known for his
legal code.
Code of Hammurabi - correct answer-A collection of 282 laws. One of the first (but not THE
first) examples of written law in the ancient world.
Hittites - correct answer-An ancient Anatolian group whose empire at largest extent
consisted of most of the Middle East. Some of the first two-wheeled chariots and iron.
Zoroastrianism - correct answer-One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with
a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia.
Zoroaster - correct answer-The founder of Persia's classical pre-Islamic religion.
Hellenistic - correct answer-Of or influenced by the Greek Empire. A type of culture typically
referred to after the conquests of Alexander the Great.
Trireme - correct answer-Greek ships built specifically for ramming enemy ships.
Minoans - correct answer-One of the early proto-Greek peoples from 2600 BCE to 1500
BCE. Inhabitants of the island of Crete. Their site of Knossos is pictured above.
Acropolis - correct answer-Greek for "high city". The chief temples of the city were located
here.
Plato - correct answer-Socrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens.
Pax Romana - correct answer-The "Roman Peace", that is, the state of comparative concord
prevailing within the boundaries of the Roman Empire from the reign of Augustus (27
B.C.E.-14 C.E.) to that of Marcus Aurelius (161-180 C.E.)
Republic - correct answer-A state that is not ruled by a hereditary leader (a monarchy) but by
a person or persons appointed under the constitution
Centuries - (not the time period) - correct answer-The smallest units of the Roman army,
each composed of some 100 foot soldiers and commanded by a centurion. A legion was
made up of 60 of these. They also formed political divisions of Roman citizens.
,Consul - correct answer-Under the Roman Republic, one of the two magistrates holding
supreme civil and military authority. Nominated by the Senate and elected by citizens in the
Comitia Centuriata, the consuls held office for one year and each had power of veto over the
other.
Patricians - correct answer-land-owning noblemen in Ancient Rome
Plebeians - correct answer-all non-land-owning, free men in Ancient Rome
Paterfamilias - correct answer-the head of the family or household in Roman law -always
male- and the only member to have full legal rights. This person had absolute power over his
family, which extended to life and death.
Twelve Tables - correct answer-Completed in 449 BCE, these civil laws developed by the
Roman Republic to protect individual following demands by plebeians.
Triumvirate - correct answer-An unofficial coalition between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and
Crassus was formed in 60 B.C.E.
Monophysites - correct answer-The supporters of a doctrine in the early Christian Church
that held that the incarnate Christ possessed a single, wholly divine nature. they opposed
the orthodox view that Christ had a double nature, one divine and one human, and
emphasized his divinity at the expense of his capacity to experience real human suffering.
Julius Caesar - correct answer-Part of the first triumvirate who eventually became "emperor
for life". Chose not to conquer Germany. Was assassinated by fellow senators in 44 B.C.E.
Octavian - correct answer-Part of the second triumvirate whom the power eventually shifted
to. Assumed the name Augustus Caesar, and became emperor. Was the end of the Roman
Republic and the start of the Pax Romana.
Diocletian - correct answer-Roman emperor of 284 C.E. Attempted to deal with fall of Roman
Empire by splitting the empire into two regions run by co-emperors. Also brought armies
back under imperial control, and attempted to deal with the economic problems by
strengthening the imperial currency, forcing a budget on the government, and capping prices
to deal with inflation. Civil war erupted upon his retirement.
Bread and Circuses - correct answer-A Roman bribery method of coping with class
difference. Entertainment and food was offered to keep plebeians quiet without actually
solving unemployment problems.
Goths - correct answer-An array of Germanic peoples, pushed further westward by nomads
from central Asia. They in turn migrated west into Rome, upsetting the rough balance of
power that existed between Rome and these people.
legalism - correct answer-A school of Chinese philosophy that come into prominence during
the period of the Warring states and had great influence on the policies of the Qin dynasty.
, People following this took a pessimistic view of human nature and believed that social
harmony could only be attained through strong government control and the imposition of
strict laws, enforced absolutely.
assimilation - correct answer-The process by which different ethnic groups lose their
distinctive cultural identity through contact with the dominant culture of a society, and
gradually become absorbed and integrated into it.
Huns - correct answer-large nomadic group from northern Asia who invaded territories
extending from China to Eastern Europe. They virtually lived on their horses, herding cattle,
sheep, and horses as well as hunting.
Tang Revival - correct answer-Continuing the imperial revival started by the Sui Dynasty this
dynasty that followed restored the Chinese imperial impulse four centuries after the decline
of the Han, extending control along the silk route. Trade flourished and China finally reached
its western limits when its forces were defeated by the imperial armies of the Muslim
Abbasid Empire at the Talas River--which stopped future expansion by both empires.
Yellow Turban - correct answer-A 184 C.E. peasant revolt against emperor Ling of Han. Led
by Daoists who proclaimed that a new era would be3ing with the fall of the Han. Although
this specific revolt was suppressed, it triggered a continuous string of additional outbreaks.
Liu Bang - correct answer-First emperor of the Han dynasty under which a new social and
political hierarchy emerged. Scholars were on top, followed by farmers, artisans, and
merchants. He chose his ministers from educated men with Confucian principals.
Aryans - correct answer-immigrants who arrived at the Ganges river valley by the year 1000
BC
Vedas - correct answer-compilations of hymns, religious reflections, and Aryan conquests
Mahabharata - correct answer-the longest single poem in the world, about a war fought
between two branches of the same family. One of India's greatest epics written between
1000 and 700 BC
Janapadas - correct answer-Political units in India in the years 700-600 BC. They are the
major realms or kingdoms of Vedic (Iron Age) India. They are the earliest kingdoms set up
by the Indo-Aryans migrants to India.
Guilds - correct answer-associations of businessmen and producers
Dharma - correct answer-the fulfillment of social and religious duties in Hinduism
Artha-sastra - correct answer-characterized inter-state relations in ancient India
Siddhartha Gautama - correct answer-the founder of Buddhism
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