Exam (elaborations)
Immunology Kuby Chapter 4.
- Course
- Institution
Immunology Kuby Chapter 4.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
modockochieng06
Content preview
Immunology Kuby Chapter 41. Define cytokines. - ANS-Cyto (cell); kinein (to move)
Low molecular-weight (30 kDa)
Proteins or glycoproteins
Released in response to stimuli
Be able to categorize a biological scenario as autocrine, paracrine, endocrine,
pleiotropic, redundant, synergic, antagonistic, and/or cascade inducting. - ANS-
Briefly describe the signal transduction pathway associated with receptor type. -
ANS-Signaling from IL-1
MyD88 (adapter) binds
Recruits IRAKs
IRAK-4 autophosphorylates
Phosphorylates other IRAKs
TRAF6 binds (ubiquitin-ligase)
IRAK-TRAF6 dissociates
Binds TAK1/TAB1/TAB2
Ubiquitin chains binds complex = ACTIVE
Signaling from Class I - JAK/STAT pathway
Class 2 also go through the JAK/STAT pathway
Signaling through Fas receptor (TNF) - Fas pathway
Signaling in IL-17
NF-κB pathway
MAP kinase
C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ (IL-6 TF
Define autocrine - ANS-Cell that releases cytokine is the target. Same
Define endocrine - ANS-Cell that releases cytokine cell that is far away is the target. Far
, Define paracrine - ANS-Cell that releases cytokine nearby cell is the target. Near
Describe how the following terms relate to cytokine function: pleiotropy, redundancy,
synergy, antagonism, and cascade induction. - ANS-
Describe IL-2R. What cells express the α, β, and/or γ chain? - ANS-
Describe the Fas signaling pathway. - ANS-FasL binds Fas
Clustering of Fas and Fas Death Domains
DDs of FADD bind DDs of Fas
Death effector domains (DED) of FADD bind DEDs of procaspase-8
Cleavage of pro domains
Activates Caspase-8
Activates Caspase-3 and 7
Activates nucleases and BID
Describe the JAK/STAT pathway. - ANS-Cytokine binding = dimerization
Activates JAK (kinase)
Phosphorylation of JAK and receptor
Docking site for STAT
Phosphorylation of STAT
Dimerization of STAT
Moves into nucleus
Transcription factor
How are cytokine response regulated? - ANS-Receptor expression on target cells
Directionality of cytokine release
Cytokines have a short half life
How can competition among ligand-binding chains lead to antagonist effects among
cytokines? - ANS-Bind directly to a receptor - no activation
Bind directly to a cytokine - inhibition
Soluble antagonists can arise from cleavage of receptors
How can microbes thwart cytokine activity? - ANS-
How do cytokines regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response? -
ANS-Activation
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller modockochieng06. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now