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Kuby Immunology, Ch 3_ Innate Immunity.
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Kuby Immunology, Ch 3_ Innate Immunity.
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Kuby Immunology, Ch 3: Innate Immunityacute phase response (APR) - ANS-The production of certain proteins and cells that
appear in the blood shortly after many infections. It is part of the host's early defense
against infection and precedes the adaptive phase of the immune response.
acute phase response proteins - ANS-A class of proteins synthesized in the liver in
response to inflammation; serum concentrations of these proteins increase in
inflammation.
adaptive immunity - ANS-host defenses that are mediated by B and T cells following
exposure to antigen and that exhibit specificity, diversity, memory, and self-nonself
recognition.
C-reactive proteins (CRP) - ANS-an acute phase protein that participates in the
complement pathway; an increased level of serum CRP is an indicator of inflammation.
cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) - ANS-A group of cell surface molecules that mediate
intercellular adhesion, Most belong to one of four protein families: the integrins,
selectins, mucin-like proteins, and immunoglobulin superfamily.
chemoattractants - ANS-A substance that attracts leukocytes. Some of these also
cause significant changes in the physiology of cells that bear receptors for them.
chemokines - ANS-Any of several secreted low-molecular-weigh polypeptides that
mediate chmotaxis for different leukocytes and regulate the expression and/or
adhesiveness of leukocyte integrins
chronic granulomatous disease - ANS-Immunodeficiencu caused by a defect in the
enzyme NADPH phagosome oxidase resulting in failure to generate reactive oxygen
species in neutrophils.
cilia - ANS-hairlike projections on epithelial cells in the respiratory and gastrointestinal
tracts; these function to propel microbes out of the tract.
complement - ANS-a group of serum and cell membrane proteins that interact with one
another and with other molecules of innate and adaptive immunity to carry out key
effector functions.
, cytokine - ANS-Any of numerous secreted, low-molecular-weight proteins that regulate
the intensity and druation of the immune response by exerting a variety of effects on
lymphocytes and other immune cells.
dermis - ANS-layer of skin under the epidermis that contains blood and lymph vessels,
hair follicles, nerves, and nerve endings.
edema - ANS-Abnormal accumulation of fluid in intracellular spaces, often resulting
from a failure of the lymphatic system to drain off normal leakage from the capillaries.
epidermis - ANS-the outermost layer of the skin
extravasation - ANS-Movement of blood cells through an unruptured vessel wall into the
surrounding tissue, particularly at sites of inflammation.
fimbriae, or pili - ANS-hairlike protrusions on the bacterium which interact with certain
glycoproteins or glycolipids only expressed by epithelial cells of the mucous membrane
of particular tissues.
inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) - ANS-An inducible form of NOS that generates
the antimicrobial compound nitric oxide from arginine.
inflammatory response - ANS-a localized tissue response to injury or other trauma
characterized by pain, heat, redness, and swelling. The response, which includes both
localized and systemic effects, consists of altered patterns of blood flow, an influx of
phagocytic and other immune cells, removal of foreign antigens, and healing of the
damaged tissue.
innate immunity - ANS-nonspecific host defenses that exist prior to exposure to an
antigen and involve anatomic, physiologic, and inflammatory mechanisms.
integrins - ANS-a group of heterodimeric cell adhesion molecules present on various
leukocytes that bind to Ig-superfamily CAMs on endothelium.
intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) - ANS-Cellular adhesion molecules that bind
to integrins. These are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily.
interferons (IFNs) - ANS-Several glycorpotein cytokines produced and secreted by
certain cells that induce an antiviral state in other cells and also help to regulate the
immune response.
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