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Kuby Immunology, Ch 4_ Antigens and Antibodies.
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Kuby Immunology, Ch 4: Antigens andAntibodies
abzyme - ANS-A monoclonal antibody that has catalytic activity.
adjuvant - ANS-Substances that, when mixed with an antigen and injected with it,
enhance the immunogenicity of that antigen.
agglutination - ANS-The aggregation or clumping of particles (latex beads) or cells (red
blood cells).
All immunogens are - ANS-antigens, but some antigens are not immunogens.
allotype - ANS-A set of allotypic determinants characteristic of some but not all
members of a species.
antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) - ANS-A cell-mediated reaction
in which nonspecific cytotoxic cells that express Fc receptors (NK cells, neutrophils,
macrophages) recognize bound antibody on a target cell and subsequently cause lysis
of the target cell.
antigenic determinants (epitope) - ANS-The site on an antigen that is recognized and
bound by a particular antibody, TCR-peptide-MHC complex, or TCR-ligand-CD1
complex.
antigenicity - ANS-The capacity to combine specifically with antibodies or T-cell
receptor/MHC.
B-cell receptor (BCR) - ANS-Complex comprising a membrane-bound immunoglobulin
molecule and two associated signal-transducing Iga/Igb molecules.
Bence-Jones protein - ANS-Protein found in high concentrations in the urine of patients
with multiple myeloma; usually an Ig chain or fragment thereof.
boosters - ANS-Inoculation given to stimulate immunogenic memory response.
, carrier - ANS-An immunogenic molecule containing antigenic determinants recognized
by T cells. Conjugation of a carrier to a nonimmunogenic hapten renders the hapten
immunogenic.
complement - ANS-A group of serum and cell membrane proteins that interact with one
another and with other molecules of innate and adaptive immunity to carry out key
effector functions.
constant (C) region - ANS-The nearly invariant pottion of the immunoglobulin molecule
that does not contain antigen-binding domains. The sequence of amino acids in this
region determines the isotype (alpha, gamma, delta, epsilon, and mu) of heavy chains
and the type (kappa and lambda) of light chains.
cross-reactivity - ANS-Ability of a particular antibody or T-cell receptor to react with two
or more antigens that possess a common epitope.
effector response - ANS-Action that occurs after recognition and binding of antigen by
antibody; lysis by complement proteins is this.
F(ab')2 fragment - ANS-Two Fab units linked by disulfide bridges between fragments of
the heavy chain. They are obtained by digestion of antibody with pepsin.
Fab fragment (fragment antigen binding) - ANS-A monovalent antigen-binding fragment
of an immunoglobulin molecule that consists of one light chain and part of one heavy
chain, linked by an interchain disulfide bond. It is obtained by brief papain digestion.
Fc fragment (fragment crystallizable) - ANS-A crystallizable, non-antigen-binding
fragment of an immunoglobulin molecule that consists of the carboxyl-terminal portions
of both heavy chains and possesses binding sites for Fc receptors and the C1q
component of complement. It is obtained by brief papain digestion.
Fc receptor (FcR) - ANS-Cell surface receptor specific for the Fc portion of certain
classes of immunoglobulin. It is present on lymphcytes, mast cells, macrophages, and
other accessory cells.
five types of heavy-chain constant regions - ANS-mu, delta, gamma, epsilon, alpha
framework region (FR) - ANS-A relatively conserved sequence of amino acids located
on either side of the hypervariable regions in the variable domains of immunoglobulin
heavy and light chains.
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