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Kuby Immunology, Ch 2_ Cells and Organs of the Immune System
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Kuby Immunology, Ch 2_ Cells and Organs of the Immune System
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Kuby Immunology, Ch 2: Cells and Organsof the Immune System
(SCID) severe combined immunodeficiency - ANS-A genetic defect in which adaptive
immune responses do not occur because of a lack of T cells and possible B and NK
cells.
allogenic - ANS-the donor and recipient are not genetically identical
antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) - ANS-a cell-mediated reaction in
which nonspecific cytotoxic cells that express Fc receptors (e.g., NK cells, neutrophils,
macrophages) recognize bound antibody on a target cell and subsequently cause lysis
of the target cell
apoptosis - ANS-cells undergoing programmed cell death often exhibit distinctive
morphologic changes.
autologus - ANS-the recipient is also the donor
basophil - ANS-a nonphagocytic granulocyte that expresses Fc receptors for IgE.
Antigen-mediated cross-linkage of bound IgE induces degranulation.
bone marrow - ANS-the living tissue found within the hard exterior of bone.
bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) - ANS-lymphoid cells and tissues below
the epithelial layer of the body's mucosal surfaces, found in the bronchial tissues.
clone - ANS-cells arising from a single progenitor cell
cluster of differentiation (CD) - ANS-a particular membrane molecule that monoclonal
antibodies interact with
cortex of thymus - ANS-the outer compartment that is densely packed with immature T
cells
dendritic cell (DC) - ANS-Bone-marrow derived cells that descend through the myeloid
and lymphoid lineages and are specialized for antigen presentation to helper T cells.
Four major types: langerhans, interstitial, monocyte-derived, and plasmacytoid-derived.
, differentiation antigens - ANS-a cell surface marker that is expressed only during a
particular developmental stage or by a particular cell lineage.
DiGeorge's syndrome - ANS-the thymus fails and there is an absence of circulating T
cells and of cell-mediated immunity and an increase in infectious disease. The same
thing happens in nude mice.
effector cells - ANS-any cell capable of mediating an immune function (e.g., activated
Th cells, CTLs, and plasma cells).
eosinophil - ANS-motile, somewhat phagocytic granulocytes that can migrate from
blood to tissue spaces. They have large numbers of IgE receptors and are highly
granular. They are thought to play a role in the defense against parasitic organisms (the
dark arts!!) such as roundworms.
exocytosis - ANS-process by which cells release molecules contained wihtin a
membrane-bound vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane.
follicular dendritic cell - ANS-A cell with extensive dendritic extensions that is found in
the follicles of lymph nodes. Although they do not express MHC class II molecules, they
are richly endowed with receptors for complement and Fc receptors for antibody. They
are of a lineage that is distinct from MHC class II-bearing dendritic cells.
GATA-2 gene - ANS-a gene encoding a transcription factor that is essential for the
development of several hematopoietic cell lineages, including the lymphoid, erythroid,
and myeloid lineages.
gene therapy - ANS-the introduction of a normal gene to correct a disorder caused by a
defective gene
germinal center - ANS-a region within lymph nodes and the spleen where B-cell
activation, proliferation, and differentiation occurs. Germinal centers are sites of intense
B cell somatic mutation and selection.
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) - ANS-a life-threatening affliction where lymphcytes
coveyed to the recipient via the graft can attack the recipient's tissues
granulocytes - ANS-any leukocyte that contains cytoplasmic granules, particularly the
basophil, eosinophil, and neutrophil.
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