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COGSCI 1B MIDTERM EXAM 2024!!
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COGSCI 1B MIDTERM EXAM 2024!!
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COGSCI 1B MIDTERM EXAM 2024!!Anterior Answer - located near the front
Posterior Answer - located near or toward the back
Dorsal Answer - In a direction toward the top of the head or the back
Ventral Answer - In a direction towards the bottom of the skull or the front surface of the body
Lateral Answer - towards the side of the body, away from the middle
Medial Answer - toward the middle of the body
Ipsilateral Answer - on the same side of the body
Contralateral Answer - on the opposite side of the body
Coronal (frontal) Answer - slice through the brain parallel to the forehead
Sagittal (lateral) Answer - slice through the brain perpendicular to the ground and parallel to the temporal lobes
Transverse (axial) Answer - a slice through the brain parallel to the ground
central nervous system Answer - brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system Answer - the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
autonomic nervous system Answer - the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
sympathetic nervous system Answer - controls function that accompany arousal and
expenditure of energy (fight of flight)
Adrenal medulla Answer - portion of the adrenal gland that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine parasympathetic nervous system Answer - controls functions during a relaxed state,
secretes acetylcholine
supports activities involved with increases in body's supply of stored energy, such as
salivation, gastric, and intestinal motility
three divisions of human brain Answer - forebrain - neocortex (thinking brain)
midbrain - limbic brain (feeling brain)
hindbrain - reptilian brain (instinctual/dinosaur brain)
cerebral cortex Answer - part of the brain that distinguishes us from beasts
outmost layer of gray matter of the cerebral hemisphere that is 3mm thick
contains 26 billion neurons
glia and cell bodies, gray matter
includes the neocortex and the limbic cortex
Frontal lobe Answer - involved in speaking and muscle movements, in making plans
and judgments and emotional control
primary motor cortex
prefrontal cortex
study found that size of frontal lobe is directly related to a size of person's social network
primary motor cortex Answer - posterior part of frontal lobe that controls voluntary movements
prefrontal cortex Answer - anterior part of frontal lobe that is involved in formulating plans and making judgments
parietal lobe Answer - includes the primary somatosensory cortex
surface of the body is mapped on the surface of the brain (penfield studies)
occipital lobe Answer - includes the primary visual cortex and receives visual information from the visual field
temporal lobe Answer - includes the primary auditory cortex which receives auditory information
aphasia Answer - difficulty in producing or comprehending speech caused by brain damage broca's aphasia (expressive aphasia) Answer - damage to the portion of left frontal lobe
speech is meaningful but halting labored and ungrammatical
wernicke's aphasia (fluent aphasia) Answer - loss of ability to understand speech and to produce meaningful words, speech is fluent and grammatical but consists of empty words (word salad)
damage to part of left posterior superior temporal lobe
corpus callosum Answer - large bundle of axons that interconnects corresponding regions of the association cortex on each side of the brain
left cerebral hemisphere Answer - specializes in analysis of information, recognition of serial events
language
mathematical computation
logical
projects to right
right cerebral hemisphere Answer - synthesis of info
pattern recognition
identification of emotional expression
projects to left
people are likely to say yes to a minor request if that request was made in their Answer - right ear
those who find man in the coffee bean quickly tend to have more active Answer - right brain
limbic cortex Answer - phylogenetically old cortex
limbic system Answer - a doughnut shaped system of neural structures at the border
of brainstem and cerebral hemispheres
associated with emotions and memory
includes amygdala and the hippocampus
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