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NURS 3100 MyLab Chapter 25 Questions
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NURS 3100 MyLab Chapter 25 Questions
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Immunology Kuby Chapter 4-8Abzyme - ANS-A monoclonal antibody that has catalytic activity
Acute-Phase protein - ANS-One of a group of serum proteins that increase in
concentration in response to inflammation; some complement components and
interferons are acute-phase proteins.
Adjuvant - ANS-A substance (e.g. Freund's adjuvant, alum, bacterial LPS) that
nonspecifially enhances the immuno response to an antigen
Affinity - ANS-The strength with which a ligand interacts with a binding site; It is
represented quantitatively by the affinity constant K<a>
Affinity Labeling - ANS-The covalent reaction of a highly reactive analog of the antigen
with the binding site of an antibody; The affinity of the binding site for the analog
focuses it reactivity at the binding site
Affinity maturation - ANS-The increase in average antibody affinity for an antigen that
occurs during the course of an immune response or in subsequent exposures to the
antigen
Agglutinatin inhibition - ANS-The reduction of antibody-mediated clumping of particles
by the addition of the soluble forms of the epitope recognized by the agglutinatin
antibody
Agglutination - ANS-The aggregation of clumping of particles (e.g. latex beads) or cells
(e.g red blood cells)
Agglutinin - ANS-A substance capable of mediating the clumping of cells or particules, a
hemagglutinin causes clumping of red blood cells.
Agretope - ANS-The region of a processed antigenic peptide that binds to an MHC
molecule
Allelic exclusion - ANS-A process that permits expression of only one of the allelic forms
of a gene; for example, a B cell expresses only one allele for a heavy chain and one
allele for a light chain
,Alloantigen - ANS-Antigenic determinants present on molecules that differ among
members of the same species because of genetic variation
Allotype - ANS-A set of allotypic determinants characteristic of some but not all
members of a species
Allotypic determinant - ANS-An antigenic determinant that varies among members of a
species, the constant regions of antibodies possess these type of determinants
Alternative complement pathway - ANS-Activation of complement that is initiated by
foreign cell-surface constituents, such as microbial antigens; it is antibody independent,
involves C3-C9, factors B and D, and properdin, and generated the membrane-attack
complex
Anaphylatoxins - ANS-The complement split products C3a and C5a which mediate
degranulation of mast cells and basophils, resulting in release of mediators that induce
contraction of smooth muscle and increased vascular permeability
Anti-idiotype anitbody - ANS-A secondary antibody (Ab-2) that is specific for the
paratope of a primary antibody (Ab-1), and thus mimics the epitope of the original
antigen; it represents an internal image of the original antigen and thus might be
effective as a vaccine, avoiding immunization with a pathogen.
Antibody - ANS-A protein (immunoglobuline), consisting of two identical chains and two
identical light chains, that recognize a particular epitope on an antigen and facilitates
clearance of that antigen; Membrane-bound (of these) is expressed by B cells that have
not encountered antigen; secreted antibody is produced by plasma cells; Some are
multiples of the basic four-chain structure
Antigen - ANS-Any substance (usually foreign) that binds specifically to an antibody or a
T-cell receptor; often is used as a synonym for immunogen.
Antigenic peptide - ANS-In general, a peptide capable of raising an immune response
and, in a peptide that forms a complex with MHC, that can be recognized by a T-cell
receptor.
Antigenicity - ANS-The capacity to combine specifically with anti-bodies or T-cell
receptor/MHC
, B-cell receptors (BCR) - ANS-Complex comprising a membrane-bound immunoglobulin
molecule and two associated signal-transducing Ig-alpha/Ig-beta molecules
Bence-Jones protein - ANS-Protein found in high concentrations in the urine of patients
with multiple myeloma; Usually a Ig light chain of fragment thereof.
Bispecific antibody - ANS-Hybrid antibody made either by chemically crosslinking two
different antibodies or by fusing hybridomas that produce different monoclonal
antibodies
Booster - ANS-Inoculation given to stimulate immunologic memory response.
C (constant) gene segment - ANS-The 3' coding of a rearranged immunoglobulin or
T-cell receptor gene; There are multiples of this gene segment in germ line DNA, but as
a result of gene rearrangement and, in some cases, RNA processing, only one segment
is expressed in a given protein
C segment - ANS-an exon that encodes a domain of the constant region of an
immunoglobulin molecule
Chromogenic substrate - ANS-A colorless substance that is transformed into colored
products by an enzymatic reaction
Class (isotype) switching - ANS-The change in the antibody class that a B cell produces
Classical compliment pathway - ANS-Activation of complement that is initiated by
antigen-antibody complexes, involves C1-C9, and generated the membrane-attack
complex
Coding joint - ANS-The sequence at the point of union of coding sequences during
V(D)J rearrangement to form rearranged antibody or T-cell receptor genes.
Complement - ANS-A group of serum proteins that participates in an enzymatic
cascade, ultimately generating the cytolytic membrane-attack complex
Complement - ANS-A group of serum proteins that participates in an enzymatic
cascade, ultimately generating the cytolytic membrane-attack complex
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