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Kuby Immunology, Ch 1_ Overview of the Immune System
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Kuby Immunology, Ch 1: Overview of theImmune System
active immunity - ANS-adaptive immunity that is induced by natural exposure to a
pathogen or by vaccination
adaptive immunity - ANS-develops in response to infection and adapts to recognize,
eliminate, and then remember the invading pathogen
anaphylaxis - ANS-an immediate type I hypersensitivity reaction, which is triggered by
IgE -mediated mast cell degranulation. Systemic anaphylaxis leads to shock and is
often fatal. Localized anaphylaxis involves various types of atopic reactions.
antibodies - ANS-immunoglobulins with known specificity for an antigen. glycoproteins
that consist of two identical polypeptides called the heavy chains and two shorter,
identical polypeptides called the light chains. The amino-terminal ends of the pairs of
heavy and light chains form a site to which antigen binds.
antigen - ANS-a substance that binds with a specific antibody.
antigen-presenting cell (APC) - ANS-Any cell that can process and present antigenic
peptides in association with class II MHC molecules and deliver a co-stimulatory signal
necessary for T-cell activation. Macrophages dendritic cells, and B cells constitute the
professional APCs. Nonprofessional APCs, which function in antigen presentation only
for short periods, include thymic epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells.
antigenic peptide - ANS-a peptide capable of raising an immune response, for example,
in a peptide that forms a complex with MHC that can be recognized by a T-cell receptor.
antigenic specificity - ANS-capacity of antibody and T-cell receptor to recognize and
interact with a single, unique antigenic determinant, or epitope
antigenically committed - ANS-the state of a mature B cell displaying surface antibody
specific for a single immunogen.
attenuate - ANS-weaken
autoimmunity - ANS-an abnormal immune response against self antigens.
, B lymphocytes (B cells) - ANS-a lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and
expresses membrane-bound antibody. After interacting with antigen, it differentiates into
antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory cells
CD3 - ANS-a polypeptide complex containing three dimers. It is associated with the
T-cell receptor and functions in signal transduction.
CD4 - ANS-a glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor on MHC class II-restricted T
cells. Most helper T cells are CD4+.
CD8 - ANS-A dimeric protein that serves as a co-receptor on MHC class I-restricted T
cells. Most cytotoxic T cells are CD8+.
cell-mediated immune response - ANS-host defenses that are mediated by
antigen-specific T cells and various nonspecific cells of the immune system. It protects
against intracellular bacteria, viruses, and cancer and is responsible for graft rejection.
Transfer of ptimed T cells confers with this type of immunity on the recipient.
chemokines - ANS-a restricted class of cytokines with chemotactic activity and recruit
specific cells to the site of the cell secreting that cytokine
clonal selection - ANS-the antigen-mediated activation and proliferation of members of a
clone of B cells that have receptors for the antigen (or for complexes of MHC and
peptides derived from the antigen, in the case of T cells).
collectins - ANS-these proteins may kill certain bacteria directly by disrupting their lipid
membranes or, alternatively, by aggregating the bacteria to enhance their susceptibility
to phagocytosis
complement - ANS-a group of serum and cell membrane proteins that interact with one
another and with other molecules of innate and adaptive immunity to carry out key
effector functions
cytokines - ANS-react with receptos on various cell types and signal the cell to perform
functions such as synthesis of new factors or to undergo differentiation to a new cell
type
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