Exam (elaborations)
GIA Colored Gemstones - Synthetic Gemstone Processes.
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GIA Colored Gemstones - Synthetic Gemstone Processes.
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GIA Colored Gemstones - SyntheticGemstone Processes
Ceramic process - ANS-A process in which finely ground powder is heated, sometimes
under pressure, to produce a fine-grained solid material.
- ex: synthetic turquoise and imitation lapis lazuli
(Colored Stones: Assignment 5)
Flame fusion - ANS-A process in which powdered chemicals are dropped through a
high-temperature flame onto a rotating pedestal to produce a synthetic crystal.
- type of melt process, produces a boule
- low cost, high volume
- main method to synthesize gems
- ex: corundum, star corundum, spinel, rutile (imitation diamond)
- 1st synthetic ruby produced in early 1900's by Verneuil
- 1st synthetic star ruby produced in 1940's
(Colored Stones: Assignment 5)
Floating Zone - ANS-A melt process where a heating unit passes over a rotating solid
rod of chemicals until it forms a synthetic crystal.
- type of melt process
- developed in 1953
- 1980s - Seiko created synthetic corundum and chrysoberyl
(Colored Stones: Assignment 5)
Flux Growth - ANS-A process in which nutrients dissolve in heated chemicals, then cool
to form synthetic crystals.
- flux is a material that, when melted, dissolves other materials
- requires metal crucible, preferably platinum
- can take up to a year for crystal growth
- late 1930's - Chatham began marketing flux-grown synthetic emerald
- usually begins with a seed crystal, or could result from spontaneous nucleation
(Colored Stones: Assignment 5)
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