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Schizophrenia A Level Notes Psychology
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Paper 3Schizophrenia + Aggression
, Introduction into Schizophrenia
Prevalence: 1. + Osorio et al - good reliability for DSM-5
- affects 1% of population Interrater reliability of +97 and test retest
- Common in males and lower socio economic groups.
reliability of +92 diagnosis is constantly applied to
Diagnosis: identify symptoms and use classification system to SZ - reliable
identify the disorder However, no cross - cultural reliability (imposed
etic and ethnocentric)
Classification: identify symptoms that go together - a disorder.
2 classification systems:
2. - Poor validity
Cheniaux et al - 2 psychologist to assess and
- DSM 5: One positive symptom must be present diagnose 100 patients using both classification
- ICD XI: Two or more negative symptoms are sufficient systems. 68/100 with SZ using ICD and 39/100 with
for diagnosis DSM. Either over or under diagnosed - low criterion
validity.
Symptoms:
CP: Osorio et al good criterion validity between
Positive: Additional experiences beyond ordinary experiences clinicians and they used same diagnostic system.
- Hallucinations: unusual sensory experiences that have
no basis in reality or distorted perceptions of real 3. - Gender bias:
things. (hearing voices or seeing people)
-
Men diagnosed more than women ratio - 1:4:1
Delusions: beliefs that have no basis of reality - a
person would act in a way that seems normal to them (Fischer + Buchanan)
but bizarre to others. (beliefs about being a very Men more genetically vulnerable or women have
important person) better social support. Women miss out on helpful
treatment.
Negative: loss of usual abilities and experiences
-
FM: Cultural bias
Speech poverty: reduction in amount and quality of
speech. Delay in verbal responses. Afro - Caribbean societies - hearing voices seen as
- Avolition: Severe loss of motivation to carry out normal
everyday tasks. Results in lowered activity levels. 10 X likely to be diagnosed than white British men -
overinterpretation in the UK. More discriminated as
system is culturally biased.
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