CLP EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2024/2025
• Subjective distress - ANSWERSsuffer or experience psychological pain. Although subjective distress is an element of abnormality in many cases, it is neither a sufficient condition nor even a necessary condition.
• Maladaptiveness - ANSWERSbehav...
CLP EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2024/2025
• Subjective distress - ANSWERSsuffer or experience psychological pain. Although subjective distress is an element of abnormality in many cases, it is neither a sufficient condition nor even a necessary condition.
• Maladaptiveness - ANSWERSbehavior interferes with our well-being and with our ability to enjoy our work and our relationships.
• Statistical deviancy - ANSWERSsomething is statistically rare and undesirable more likely to consider it abnormal than something that is statistically rare and highly desirable or something that is undesirable but statistically common
• Violation of the standards of society - ANSWERSwhen people fail to follow the conventional social and moral rules of their cultural group, we may consider their behavior abnormal.
• Social discomfort - ANSWERSwhen someone violates an implicit or unwritten social rule, those around him or her may experience a sense of discomfort or unease.
• Irrationality and unpredictability - ANSWERSAlthough a little unconventionality may add some spice to life, there is a point at which we are likely to consider a given unorthodox behavior abnormal.
• Dangerousness - ANSWERSsomeone who is a danger to him- or herself or to another person must be psychologically abnormal
• Necessary - ANSWERSA condition which is necessary tells that a statement should be proven for it to be true
• Sufficient - ANSWERSa condition which is sufficient is a statement that, if proven, can be guaranteed to be true. o Subjective Distress - ANSWERSNOT a necessary or sufficient condition.
- Only abnormal if it causes the person distress or discomfort
- Only abnormal if it causes the person distress or discomfort
- This works in some cases (e.g., depression), but not others (e.g., schizophrenia, mania, antisocial PD)
- Some psychological distress is not considered abnormal (e.g., stress about exam tomorrow)
o Maladaptiveness - ANSWERSNOT a necessary condition, BUT perhaps sufficient.
- Negative impact on ability to function in daily life
- Works for many disorders, but not all (e.g., antisocial personality disorder)
- Not all maladaptive behaviours are considered abnormal
o (Statistical) Deviancy - ANSWERSNOT a sufficient condition, BUT perhaps necessary?
- Statistical infrequency: More literal interpretation ("away from the normal"); how rare is the behaviour?
- Works for some cases, but not others; value judgment
o Violation of the Standards of Society - ANSWERSNOT a sufficient condition, but perhaps necessary?
- Violation of laws, rules, norms, moral standards
- No universal standards
- May differ quite a bit in various subgroups & over time
- Not all violations are considered abnormal (e.g., speeding, parking ticket, prostitution); statistical deviancy
Irrationality & Unpredictability - ANSWERSNOT sufficient, but perhaps necessary?
Behaviour that does not make sense within the context
- Unexpectedness
-- Need to differentiate expectable reaction/impact from out of proportion reaction (e.g., fear of driving)
- Not all irrational/ unpredictable behaviour is abnormal; we can all be at times
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