FNR 25150 Birds Exam 2 (new material) || A Verified A+ Pass.
Oder Piciformes correct answers -Woodpeckers and relatives
-Hyiod apparatus
-toucans and honeyguides
Conservation of Piciformes correct answers Endangered:
-ivory-billed Woodpecker (likely extinct)
- red-cockaded woodpecker
-need dead wood to drill cavities
-secondary cavity nesters rely on woodpeckers
Migration correct answers regular and seasonal movement of populations, usually between a breeding area and a wintering area
-have to be regular and seasonal
Nomadism correct answers irregular movements not between the same areas each year
-moves between wintering and non wintering but randomly
Flyways correct answers path regularly taken by birds in certain region
North American:
Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, Pacific
Fallouts correct answers large number of migrants stopped in route by bad weather
Barriers that stop birds: large bodies of water (Lake Michigan)
Cost of Migration correct answers -birds have to change whole body and metabolism Survivorship Costs: a lot of mortality occurs during migration that is caused directly by migration
American Golden-Plover correct answers Northern part of North America to Southern part of South America
Arctic Tern correct answers North pole to South pole in zig-zag pattern
Blackpoll Warbler Route correct answers SE across Atlantic Ocean, heading that would take them to Africa
-but trade winds blow them back to northern South America, their destination
Migrant Physiology correct answers -store energy in from of lipids rather than carbs
-yields twice as much energy per gram
Stopover habitat correct answers places to feed along the way Ex: islands or peninsulas near coast, but also inland patches
-Hemispheric reserves: used by migrating shorebirds
Passerine correct answers Songbirds and Tyrant Flycatchers
-anisodactyl: one foot pointing backwards one pointing forwards(what connects them all)
-two major groups suboscine (simple song) and oscines(complex songs)= difference in syrinx
Oscines correct answers syrinx that allows for complex songs
-includes some not great singers like crows and jays but also warblers, thrushes, sparrows
Suboscines correct answers simple syrinx and less complex songs
Flycatcher only common one in NA
Conservation of Passerines correct answers tropical species have very limited ranges, deforestation is a problem
Time of migration correct answers -cued by hormones
-daylength (photoperiod)
Zugunruhe correct answers migratory restlessness
-captive birds os migrant species will show restlessness behavior and try to migrate while still in cage
Migratory Urge correct answers -caged birds will hop/flutter in cage at night during Zugunruhe(determine when urge begins)
-birds orient themselves toward their intended migratory destination when restless (can manipulate daylength and bird circadian rhythms to study solar influence on navigation and orientation)
Navigation correct answers ability to move from one location to another (requires a map and a compass)
Orientation correct answers ability to orient oneself relative to compass points and move in desired direction (requires compass)
navigation and orientation correct answers migratory birds have the ability tot ravel hundreds to thousands of miles and return to the exact same location
White-Crowned Sparrow study correct answers taken from wintering territory in California, shipped to and released to Louisiana. Returned the next winter to the same territory in California s
Birds map and compass correct answers Compass sense:
-Local landmarks
-sun
-stars
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