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BMSC 210 Midterm 2 | 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
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BMSC 210 Midterm 2 | 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version
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BMSC 210 Midterm 2 | 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version What is genetic engineering? - ✔✔using in vitro techniques to alter genetic material in the lab What is recombinant DNA technology? - ✔✔the artificial recombination of DNA from two organisms What are some basic techniques of genetic engineering? - ✔✔ DNA amplification electrophoesis nucleic acid hybridization molecular cloning expressing foreign genes targeted mutagenesis What is heterologous expression? - ✔✔expressing a gene in a different host What is the polymerase chain reaction? - ✔✔rapid amplification in the number of copies of specific DNA sequences for further analysis What is a thermocycler? - ✔✔an automated PCR machine What is quantitative PCR? - ✔✔quantifies initial amount of DNA What are some applications of PCR? - ✔✔-obtain specific fragments of DNA for cloning -comparative (phylogenic) studies to amplify genes and DNA sequences -amplify VERY small amounts of DNA (forensic) What are the steps in PCR amplification? - ✔✔1. DNA is denatured by heating 2. Synthetic piece of DNA flanking sequence of interest is added 3. Add DNA polymerase (Taq or Pfu polymerase) 4. heat and cool - repeat Why is use of thermostable DNA polymerase critical? - ✔✔because of high temperatures What do PCR require? - ✔✔DNA polymerase and artificial oligonucleotide primers made of DNA What is reverse transcription PCR? - ✔✔can make DNA from an mRNA template What enzyme is used in reverse transcription PCR? - ✔✔reverse transcriptase - converts RNA into complementary DNA What is gel electrophoresis? - ✔✔the separation of charges molecules using an electric field What are agarose gels stained with? - ✔✔ethidium bromide DNA cut with different restriction enzymes will have the same or different banding patterns on an agarose gel? - ✔✔different What is nucleic acid hybridization? - ✔✔Single strands of DNA, or of DNA and RNA, from related organisms will hydrogen bond to form a double stranded molecule What are nucleic acid probes? - ✔✔ss DNA fragment complementary to the gene of sequence of interest How are nucleic acid probes created? - ✔✔cloning, synthesis, denaturing a fragment of DNA What is a southern blot? - ✔✔a hybridization procedure where DNA is in the gel and probe is RNA or DNA What is a northern blot? - ✔✔RNA Is in the gel and the probe is DNA or RNA What is FISH? - ✔✔Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) uses fluorescent probes attached to oligonucleotide What is molecular cloning? - ✔✔movement of a gene from original source to small genetic element (vector) which can be manipulated What are the main steps of gene cloning? - ✔✔1. isolation and fragmentation of source DNA 2. Insertion of DNA fragment into cloning vector 3. Introduction of cloned DNA into host organism What are restriction endonuclease enzymes? - ✔✔tool in genetic engineering that recognizes specific DNA sequences and cut DNA What do type II restriction enzyme endonucleases do? - ✔✔-cleaves DNA within recognition sequence -most useful for specific DNA manipulation What do type I restriction enzyme endonucleases do? - ✔✔-first discovered + purified -cuts DNA at random for from recognition sequence What do type III restriction enzyme endonuclease do? - ✔✔-large, combination restriction and modification enzymes - cleaves outside of recognition sequences Structure of cleaved product from type II REases may differ how? - ✔✔3' or 5' overhang and blunt endsThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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