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Summary Essentials of Psychology - Essentials of Psychology (EPS) CH 9-11
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summary of lecture notes and concepts from chapters 9-11
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Chapter 9: Human Development in Essentials of Psychology: Concepts andApplications, 5th Edition by Jeffrey S. Nevid:
This chapter focuses on human development across the lifespan, covering physical,
cognitive, social, and emotional changes that occur from infancy to old age.
**Major Topics:**
1. **Infancy and Toddlerhood**: Physical development, cognitive milestones, and social-
emotional development during the first two years of life.
2. **Childhood**: Physical growth, cognitive development (Piaget's stages), social-
emotional development (attachment, peer relationships), and language development.
3. **Adolescence**: Physical changes, cognitive development (brain maturation), social-
emotional changes (identity formation, peer relationships), and emotional development
(emotional regulation).
4. **Young Adulthood**: Physical development, cognitive development (emerging
adulthood), social-emotional development (romantic relationships, career development),
and emotional development (emotional regulation).
5. **Middle Adulthood**: Physical changes, cognitive development (fluid intelligence
decline), social-emotional changes (midlife crisis), and emotional development
(emotional regulation).
6. **Old Age**: Physical changes, cognitive development (decline in cognitive abilities),
social-emotional changes (social isolation), and emotional development (acceptance
and coping).
**Key Concepts:**
1. **Prenatal Development**: The developing fetus's physical and cognitive growth.
2. **Stages of Development**: Infancy, toddlerhood, childhood, adolescence, young
adulthood, middle adulthood, and old age.
3. **Developmental Theories**: Piaget's stage theory, Erikson's psychosocial theory,
and Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory.
4. **Environmental Influences**: The impact of family environment, culture, and
socioeconomic factors on human development.
, 5. **Life Transitions**: Major life events that can influence human development, such as
marriage, parenthood, and retirement.
**Research Highlights:**
1. The importance of early childhood experiences in shaping later life outcomes.
2. The role of social relationships in promoting physical and mental health.
3. The impact of cultural background on human development.
This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of human development across the
lifespan, highlighting key milestones, theories, and research findings that help us
understand how humans grow and change throughout their lives.
Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 5th edition by Jeffrey S.
Nevid, Chapter 10: Psychology and Health:
**Overview**
This chapter explores the relationship between psychology and health, highlighting the
psychological factors that contribute to physical health and disease. It covers the
biological and psychological factors that influence our well-being, as well as the
psychological interventions that can promote health and well-being.
**Biological and Psychological Factors Influencing Health**
* The biopsychosocial model: emphasizes the interplay between biological,
psychological, and social factors in shaping our health and well-being.
* Genetic influences: genetic predispositions can contribute to our risk of developing
certain diseases.
* Stress: chronic stress can lead to physical health problems, such as cardiovascular
disease, immune system suppression, and changes in hormone levels.
* Coping styles: how we cope with stress can affect our physical health, with some
coping styles being more detrimental than others.
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