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Class notes ITPE505 (ITPE505) Advanced Python Programming
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Python is commonly used for developing websites and software, task automation, data analysis, and data visualisation.
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Advanced Programming with PythonDISCLAIMER: The presented material relies heavily on Python Advance course carried out at CERN. The material is also available freely at
the website: https://www.python-course.eu (https://www.python-course.eu)
1. What is a variable
2. Basic types
string
enum
3. Containers
lists
tuples
sets
dictionaries
4. Functions
arguments
recursion
static variables
decorators
generators
context managers
5. Exception Handling
Not included:
6. Object Oriented Programming
7. Packaging
8. Documentation
9. Unit testing
10. Continuous Integration
In 1999, Guido Van Rossum submitted a funding proposal to DARPA called "Computer Programming for Everybody", in which he further
defined his goals for Python:
An easy and intuitive language just as powerful as major competitors
Open source, so anyone can contribute to its development
Code that is as understandable as plain English
Suitability for everyday tasks, allowing for short development times
0. Hello world
In [1]:
print('Hello world!')
Hello world!
0.1. Zen of Python
,In [2]:
import this
The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters
Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than *right* now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
1. What is a variable?
Variable in python is always a reference to an object as in python everything, even a function, is an object.
In [3]:
x = 3
y = x
y, x
Out[3]:
(3, 3)
In [4]:
x = 2
In [5]:
y, x
Out[5]:
(3, 2)
Conditional statement to assign a value
In [6]:
x = -5
if x > 0:
label = 'Pos'
else:
label = 'Neg'
print(label)
Neg
,In [7]:
x = -5
label = 'Pos' if x > 0 else 'Neg'
print(label)
Neg
In [28]:
print('Pos' if x > 0 else 'Neg')
Neg
2. Basic types
2.1. String
Strings in python are immutable
In [14]:
string = 'My string'
string[0] = 'T'
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-14-9c1867d9b2ff> in <module>
1 string = 'My string'
----> 2 string[0] = 'T'
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
In [15]:
string.replace('M', 'T')
Out[15]:
'Ty string'
In [16]:
string
Out[16]:
'My string'
String is iterable
In [17]:
for s in 'My string':
print(s)
M
y
s
t
r
i
n
g
Formating of strings
, In [18]:
from datetime import date
'Today is ' + str(date.today()) + '.'
Out[18]:
'Today is 2019-11-28.'
In [23]:
'Today is {} and number {}.'.format(date.today(), [1, 2, 3])
Out[23]:
'Today is 2019-11-28 and number [1, 2, 3].'
f-strings have been introduced in Python 3.6
In [21]:
print(f'Today is {date.today()}')
Today is 2019-11-28
Check if a substring is in a string
In [25]:
if 'sub' in 'substring':
print('True')
True
There are already many built-in functions for handling strings in Python
In [29]:
dir(list)
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