NR 565 | NR565 Final Exam Advanced Pharmacology | Questions and Answers with Rationale Graded A+ | Latest 2024
NR 565 | NR565 Final Exam Advanced Pharmacology | Questions and Answers with Rationale Graded A+ | Latest 2024
NR 565 | NR565 Final Exam Advanced
Pharmacology | Questions and Answers
with Graded A+ | Latest 2024
Which of the following agents is the first-line tx for
hyperthyroidism or Grave's disease?
a) -Levothyroxine
b) -Allopurinol
c) -Metoprolol
d) -Methimazole - Correct Answer - Methimazole
Rationale: Methimazole is the first-line treatment for
hyperthyroidism. PTU is the preferred treatment for thyroid storm.
Iodine-131 is radioactive iodine that can also be used in
preparation for thyroidectomy. Levothyroxine is a treatment for
hypothyroidism. Metoprolol could be used to treat tachycardia
experienced with hyperthyroidism, but it does not treat
hyperthyroidism itself. Allopurinol is used in the management of
gout. Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant.
,The parent of a child with cerebral palsy reports that the child has
pebble-like stools most of the time and seems uncomfortable if
several days have passed between stools. Which of the following
medications should be recommended to alleviate the child's
constipation?
a) Magnesium citrate
b) Bisacodyl suppositories
c) Methylcellulose
d) Polyethylene glycol
- Correct Answer - Polyethylene glycol
Rationale: Polyethylene glycol should be recommended to
alleviate the child's constipation. Polyethylene glycol is an osmotic
laxative widely used for chronic constipation, as it provides relief
from abdominal discomfort, improves stool consistency, and
increases the frequency of stools. Bisacodyl is not recommended
for long-term use. Magnesium citrate causes increased water
loss, and methylcellulose can also cause impaction if there is
insufficient fluid intake.
,An older adult patient takes an opioid analgesic after a right-hip
open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). Which of the following
medications should be prescribed to prevent constipation?
a) Polyethylene glycol
b) Glycerin suppositories
c) GoLYTELY
d) Docusate sodium
- Correct Answer - Docusate sodium
Rationale: Opioid analgesics can be constipating; therefore,
docusate sodium should be prescribed to prevent constipation in
this patient. GoLYTELY is not indicated for constipation; it is used
for cleansing the bowel before diagnostic procedures. Glycerin
suppositories and polyethylene glycol are indicated for the
treatment of occasional constipation but not for prophylaxis;
therefore, these agents are not recommended for this patient.
, Sodium phosphate is a routine order for bowel cleansing before a
colonoscopy. The patient's lab tests report an elevated creatinine
clearance and blood urea nitrogen. What is the best course of
action for this patient?
a) -Prescribe a laxative suppository instead
b) -Prescribe polyethylene glycol and electrolytes (PEG-ELS)
instead
c) -Suggest that the patient reduce the dietary sodium intake
d) -Reduce the amount of fluid given with the laxative to
prevent fluid retention
- Correct Answer - Prescribe polyethylene glycol and electrolytes
(PEG-ELS) instead
Rationale: The best course of action for this patient is to prescribe
polyethylene glycol and electrolytes (PEG-ELS) as a replacement
for the sodium phosphate bowel prep. The patient's lab tests are
suggestive of renal impairment. Sodium phosphate products may
cause kidney damage, especially when given with less fluid.
Therefore, sodium phosphate should not be given to this patient.
PEG-ELS is an isosmotic solution that does not cause
dehydration or electrolyte imbalance and is safe for use in
patients with renal impairment. Suppositories are not effective
bowel cleansing agents; therefore, these agents should not be
prescribed. Reducing dietary intake of sodium and reducing fluids
given with the laxative are not recommended for this patient.
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