PrepU Quiz Practice: Fluid & Electrolytes (Hinkle and Cheever: Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 15th Edition).
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Which is the most common cause of symptomatic hypomagnesemia?
Intravenous drug use
Alcoholism
Sedentary lifestyle
Burns - ANSWER-Alcoholism
You are caring for a client with severe hypokalemia. The physician has ordered IV potassium to be administered at 10 mEq/hr. The client complains of b...
PrepU Quiz Practice: Fluid & Electrolytes (Hinkle and Cheever: Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 15th Edition).
Which is the most common cause of symptomatic hypomagnesemia?
Intravenous drug use
Alcoholism
Sedentary lifestyle
Burns - ANSWER-Alcoholism
You are caring for a client with severe hypokalemia. The physician has ordered IV potassium to be administered at 10 mEq/hr. The client complains of burning along their vein. What should you do?
Dilute the infusion.
Switch to an oral formulation.
Increase the speed of transfusion.
Change the electrolyte. - ANSWER-Dilute the infusion.
**Oral potassium may not be enough in severe cases hypokalemia.**
Treatment of severe hypokalemia requires treatment with IV infusion of potassium. Clients may experience burning along the vein with IV infusion of potassium in proportion to the infusion's concentration. If the client can tolerate the fluid, consult with the physician about diluting the potassium in a larger volume of IV solution. Hypokalemia requires treatment with potassium and not any other electrolyte.
Which laboratory result does the nurse identify as a direct result of the client's hypovolemic status with hemoconcentration?
Abnormal potassium level
Elevated hematocrit level
Low white blood count
Low urine specific gravity - ANSWER-Elevated hematocrit level
When hemoconcentration occurs due to a hypovolemic state, a high ratio of blood components in relation to watery plasma occurs, thus causing an elevated hematocrit level. A client has chronic hyponatremia, which requires weekly laboratory monitoring to prevent the client lapsing into convulsions or a coma. What is the level of serum sodium
at which a client can experience these side effects?
130 mEq/L
148 mEq/L
114 mEq/L
135 mEq/L - ANSWER-114 mEq/L
When serum sodium levels fall below 115mEq/L, mental confusion, muscular weakness, anorexia, restlessness, elevated body temperature, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, personality changes, convulsions, or coma can occur.
A 64-year-old client is brought in to the clinic with thirsty, dry, sticky mucous membranes, decreased urine output, fever, a rough tongue, and lethargy. Serum sodium level is above 145 mEq/L. Should the nurse start salt tablets when caring for this client?
No, start with the sodium chloride IV.
Yes, this will correct the sodium deficit.
No, sodium intake should be restricted.
Yes, along with the hypotonic IV. - ANSWER-No, sodium intake should be restricted.
The symptoms and the high level of serum sodium suggest hypernatremia, (excess of sodium). It is necessary to restrict sodium intake. Salt tablets and sodium chloride IV can only worsen this condition but may be required in hyponatremia (sodium deficit). Hypotonic solution IV may be a part of the treatment but not along with the salt tablets.
A client is experiencing edema in the tissue. What type of intravenous fluid would the nurse expect to be prescribed?
isotonic fluid
no intravenous solution
hypotonic solution
hypertonic solution - ANSWER-hypertonic solution
A hypertonic solution is used to pull water back in to circulation, as it has more particles than the body's water. If hypertonics are given too rapidly or in large quantities, they may cause an extracellular volume excess and precipitate circulatory overload and dehydration. As a result, these solutions must be given cautiously and usually only when the serum osmolality has decreased to dangerously low levels. Hypertonic solutions exert an osmotic pressure greater than that of the extracellular fluid. The hospitalized client requires treatment for the tissue edema. An isotonic solution is the same concentration as the body's water and is used as an intravenous volume
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