Biol 226 (A&P II) Exam #2 Chamberlain College Nursing -Question and answers verified to pass Biol 226 (A&P II) Exam #2
Endocrine system - correct answer This system has the following general characteristics: (1) contains ductless glands that produce and secrete chemical messengers called hor...
Biol 226 (A&P II) Exam #2
Endocrine system - correct answer This system has the following general characteristics: (1) contains ductless glands that produce and secrete chemical messengers called hormones, and (2) the hormones produced travel via the blood stream to specific target cells in order to regulate metabolic processes
Fat soluble and non-fat soluble - correct answer What are the two main categories of hormones? This is determined by their anatomy.
An increase of hormone levels causes downregulation - correct answer An (Increase / Decrease) of hormone levels causes downregulation. This decreases the amount of receptors so the excess hormones do not have as many binding sites
A decrease of hormone levels causes upregulation - correct answer An (Increase / Decrease) of hormone levels causes upregulation. This increases the amount of receptors so as many hormones as possible can bind
Inside of the cell within the cytoplasm or nucleus - correct answer For steroids and amine derivatives of tyrosine from the thyroid gland, where are the receptors located? (a hormone-receptor complex is formed)
New protein synthesis and the production of more copies of the specific protein. Hormones change the function of the target cell by producing proteins for different tasks - correct answer What do fat soluble hormones stimulate?
Genes - correct answer These are the instructions for how to make a protein. A specific one of these on DNA is triggered by a hormone to produce a specific protein
The message is slightly amplified as multiple mRNA are created for one specific protein - more than one copy of the single protein is made - correct answer Describe the amplification caused by steroids and amine derivatives of tyrosine from the thyroid gland Exocrine glands - correct answer These glands secrete to a surface of a structure
Endocrine glands - correct answer These glands secrete into the bloodstream
Hormones work with your nervous system to transmit things. They work similar to neurotransmitters. Hormones secreted by glandular cells into the blood stream reach target cells with receptors for them (they bypass cells without the necessary receptors) - correct answer Explain the similarity of hormones to neurotransmitters regarding receptors
Adenylate cyclase is an enzyme present on the membrane that is activated from the hormone binding to the receptor. This then takes ATP and converts it into cAMP - correct answer Regarding protein/glycoprotein/peptide hormones and catecholamine mechanisms, the binding of hormones ("first
messenger") activates adenylate cyclase. Elaborate.
The second messenger activates protein kinases. The second messenger is something that takes the message from the hormone and carries the message inside the cell. Often times is cAMP - correct answer Regarding the mechanism of protein/glycoprotein/peptide hormones and catecholamines, what does the second messenger do?
- Fat soluble: hormone enters the cell, binds to a receptor, and produces a new protein from scratch
- Water soluble: hormone binds to receptor outside the cell, activates enzyme, uses second messenger, and activates protein synthesis
- Function depends on whether the protein is fat or water soluble - correct answer What are the patterns
for hormone mechanisms?
Nerve tissue can store hormones - correct answer If nerve tissue cannot create hormones, what can it do?
Hypothalamus - correct answer This structure talks to the anterior pituitary by sending chemicals through the blood stream. It talks to the posterior pituitary using neural messages
Pituitary gland - correct answer The hypothalamus controls all functions of this gland
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