Marine Bio Exam 1 Revision Questions with Complete solutions 2024
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Course
Marine Biology
Institution
Marine Biology
Aristotle - Considered by many to be the first marine biologist Recognized that gills are the breathing
apparatus of fish
Captain James Cook - One of the first to make scientific observations while sailing and include full
time naturalist
Series of 3 voyages, beginning 1768, he explored ALL ...
Marine Bio Exam 1 Revision Questions with Complete solutions 2024 Aristotle - ✓✓Considered by many to be the first marine biologist Recognized that gills are the breathing apparatus of fish Captain James Cook - ✓✓One of the first to make scientific observations while sailing and include full time naturalist Series of 3 voyages, beginning 1768, he explored ALL the oceans. First to see Antarctic ice fields, land in Hawaii, New Zealand, Tahiti, and several other Pacific Islands First to use a chronometer to determine longitude and make reliable charts Killed in 1779 in a fight with Hawaiians Charles Darwin - ✓✓HMS Beagle for 5 years How atolls form Barnacles Theory of evolution by natural selection Charles Wilkes and the Wilkes Expedition - ✓✓First important exploratory voyage in the US Mostly about projecting American influence rather than science Only 2 ships made it home! Leader Wilkes was cruel. Charted 2400 km of the coast of Antarctica and confirmed it as a continent. Coast of Pacific NW North America 280 islands in South Pacific Brought back 10,000 biological specimens - 2,000 previously unknown species. First international survey sponsored by US government; laid foundation for government funding of scientific research. Charles Wyville Thompson and the Challenger Expedition - ✓✓British First major oceanographic expedition for science! Led by Charles Wyville Thompson 3.5 years, sailed around the world Collected data systematically Brought thousands of unknown species More information about the ocean than recorded in all of human 19 years to publish 50 thick volumes history previously! of findings Sylvia Earle - ✓✓In 1970 she led the first all -female team of women aquanauts as part of the Tektite II experiment, a project designed to explore the marine realm and test the viability of deepwater habitats and the health effects of prolonged living in underwater structur es. Why is it important to study marine biology? - ✓✓The field of biology applied to the sea at all scales: Chemistry of living things. Organism behavior, ecology. Population and community ecology. Ways entire oceans function as systems. How was marine biology important to early humans? - ✓✓Seafood was crucial to early humans. bone and shell harpoons and fishhooks jewelry Ancient Pacific Islanders had a broad and deep knowledge of the sea and its organisms which allowed them to navigate vast distances. What was happening in marine biology in the Dark Ages? The Renaissance? - ✓✓Dark Ages scientific inquiry came to a halt. (5TH - 15TH centuries CE) • Knowledge of ancient Greeks lost • Vikings continued exploring North Atlantic 9th - 10th centuries CE. • Leif Eriksson discovered Vinland (North America) discovered 995 CE. • Arab traders went to eastern Africa, southeast Asia, and India. • Far East and Pacific people also continued to explore. Renaissance (1300 - 1600 CE) Europeans rediscovered ancient knowledge preserved by the Arabs 1492 Columbus 1519 Magellan sailed the globe
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