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Exam (elaborations)

Adult Health 3 Study Guide 2024/2025

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  • Adult Health 3

Adult Health 3 Study Guide 2024/2025 Burns - ️️ - - major burn is the ultimate trauma - affects all body systems - most visible - the skin - burn centers: exceptional care, ongoing rehabilitation Thermal Burns - ️️ - - contact with hot objects, but can also occur as a result of steam,...

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  • May 19, 2024
  • 31
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • Adult Health 3
  • Adult Health 3
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Adult Health 3 Study Guide 2024/2025


Burns - ✔️✔️- - major burn is the ultimate trauma

- affects all body systems

- most visible - the skin

- burn centers: exceptional care, ongoing rehabilitation

Thermal Burns - ✔️✔️- - contact with hot objects, but can also occur as a result of

steam, smoke, or flash

- flame

- scald

- contact with hot objects

Chemical Burns - ✔️✔️- - destruction of tissues from necrotizing substances, acids,

and chemicals

- can cause extensive tissue damage

- want to FLUSH PROFUSELY!!!!!

Inhalation burns - ✔️✔️- - inhalation of hot air, chemicals into respiratory tract

- smoke inhalation is the leading cause of death due to fires

- injury caused by: thermal injury to the upper airway, irritation or chemical injury to the

airways from soot, asphyxiation, toxicity from carbon monoxide and other gases such as

cyanide

Concerns of Inhalation Burns - ✔️✔️- - hoarse voice

- burns around the mouth or nares

,- singed nasal hairs or eyebrows

- stridor (partial obstruction of upper airway)

- swelling/edema to airway

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - ✔️✔️- - mainly causes adverse effects in human by

combining hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin in the blood

- this prevents hemoglobin from releasing oxygen in tissues, effectively reducing the

oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood leading to HYPOXIA

- leading cause of death associated with fires

- colorless, tasteless gas

- rapidly transported across alveolar membrane

Carbon Monoxide - ✔️✔️- - decrease in oxygen delivery system

- patient becomes sleepy, headache, nauseated, then unconscious ----death

- vasodilation effect causes skin to become cherry red: late sign!!!

treatment: high flow oxygen or hyperbaric oxygen chamber

Electrical Burns - ✔️✔️- - intense heat generated from an electrical current

- direct (DC)

- alternating (AC)

- muscle spasm from trauma (if it is bad enough)

Electrical Burns - extent of injury.. - ✔️✔️- - type of current

- pathway of flow-what organ were zapped

- local tissue resistance

- duration of contact

Electrical Burns - Complications - ✔️✔️- - cardiac arrhythmias

,- internal organ damage

- rhabdomyolysis (due to muscle damage from electrical current, myoglobin is released

into the blood stream; myoglobin is filtered through the kidneys and can "clog" them up

causing damage to kidneys)

Classification of Burn Injuries (severity determined by) - ✔️✔️- - depth of burn: how

many layers

- extent of burn: total body surface area

- location of burn: some areas more susceptible to problems than others

- other patient risk factors: age, other medical problems

Depth of burn - ✔️✔️- - epidermis: outer layer of skin

- dermis: contains connective tissue blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands

- subcutaneous/hypodermis: fat, nerves, lymphatics

1st, 2nd, 3rd degree burn - ✔️✔️-

Classification by depth - ✔️✔️- - superficial burn

- partial thickness

- partial thickness deep

- full thickness

Superficial burn - ✔️✔️- - top layer of the dermis

- will heal in about 5 days

Partial burn - ✔️✔️- - blanches with pressure

- second degree

- has blisters

- appears red

, - severe pain and some edema

- heal in 1-2 weeks

- shiny or wet appearance

Deep Partial Burn Thickness Burn - ✔️✔️- - blisters, waxy appearance

- does NOT BLANCH

Full Thickness Burn - ✔️✔️- - leathery, gray

- insensitive to pain

- destruction of entire dermis and epidermis

- a lot of color variation

- DRY; no pain

- cannot grow new skin; have to get skin graft!!

Extent of Burn - ✔️✔️- - total body surface area compared to percentage of area

burned

- rule of 9's used for 2-3 degree burns

- palmar method for kids (1%)

Rule of 9's - ✔️✔️-

Location of Burns - ✔️✔️- - facial

- circumferential

- hands, feet, eyes

Escharotomy/Fasciotomy - ✔️✔️- - escharotomy: have to be slit so there chest can

expand and they can breath

- fasciotomy: if pressure s still increased may need to have a slit cut in their leg

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