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Psy 1005S - Personality theories lecture Notes
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This is a comprehensive and detailed note on Personality theories that focuses on lectures 1-6 for Psy1005s. Quality stuff!! U'll need it!!
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Two definitions of social psychology: 6
Byron and Byrne (1997:6) 6
Allport (1968) 7
Statement by Kopano Ratele 7
Reflection questions 7
Aspects of social psychology 7
Why we study social psychology 8
Definition 8
Conformity 9
Definition 9
Examples 9
Experiments 9
Sherif’s autokinetic effect 9
Study Procedure 9
Initial response 9
Influenced response 10
Solomon Asch’s experiment 10
Why people conform 11
Normative social influence 11
Informational social influence 11
Gender and conformity 12
The risk of conformity 12
Groupthink 12
Examples 12
AIDS denialists 12
COVID-19 12
Mob violence 12
Characteristics of groupthink 13
Invulnerability 13
Rationalisation 13
Lack of introspection 13
Stereotyping 13
Pressure 13
Lack of disagreement 13
Self-deception 13
Insularity 14
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Compliance 14
Definition 14
Techniques 14
Foot-in-the-door technique 14
Door-in-the-face technique 14
Low-ball technique 15
Obedience 15
Definition 15
Milgram’s Experiment 15
Procedure 15
Outcome 16
Factors of obedience 16
Definition 16
Attitudes 17
Definition 17
ABC model 17
A - affective component 17
B - behavioural component 17
C - cognitive component 17
South African context 18
Attitude formation 18
Direct contact 18
Direct instruction 18
Interaction with others 18
Vicarious conditioning 18
Attitude change - persuasion 19
Definition 19
Factors 19
Source 19
Example 19
The actual message 19
Target audience 19
Medium 19
Models of Persuasion 19
Elaboration likelihood model 20
Elaborate: 20
Non-elaboration: 20
Two types of processing 20
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Central-route processing 20
Peripheral-route processing 20
Cognitive dissonance 20
Definition 20
Reducing cognitive dissonance 21
Behaviour change 21
Cognition change 21
Forming new cognitions 21
Example: smoking 21
Behaviour change 21
Cognition change 21
New cognitions 21
Social categorisation 21
Definition 21
Stereotypes 21
Definition 21
Impression formation 22
Implicit personality theory 22
Attribution 22
Definition 22
Attribution types 22
Situational causes 22
Dispositional causes 22
Attribution errors 23
Fundamental attribution error 23
Actor-observer bias 23
Definition 23
Overview 23
Prejudice and discrimination 24
Definitions 24
Prejudice 24
Discrimination 24
Social groups 24
In-groups and out-groups 24
In-group 24
Out-group 24
Scapegoating 24
Definition 24
3
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Example 25
Learning prejudice 25
Realistic conflict theory 25
Social identity theory 25
Social categorisation 25
Social identification 25
Social comparison 25
Stereotype vulnerability 26
Stereotype threat 26
Overcoming prejudice 26
Education 26
Intergroup contact 26
South African context 27
Limitations 27
Jigsaw classroom 27
Poverty 28
Attribution errors 28
South African context 28
Job stress 28
Sources of stress 28
Workload 28
Lack of variety/meaningfulness 29
Lack of control over decisions 29
Long hours 29
Poor physical working conditions 29
Lack of job security 29
Unemployment 29
Effects of stress 29
Physical symptoms 29
Psychological symptoms 29
Behavioural symptoms 29
Culture 29
Acculturation 29
Integration 29
Example 30
Assimilation 30
Example 30
Separation 30
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