PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 251
PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 1-5
2023/2024 EXAMS
UPDATED PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 1 2023/2024
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
trade name - -answer-brand name, marketed under a patented
propietary name (EX. Prinival; Zestril)
drug class - -answer-a group of drug...
trade name - -answer-brand name, marketed under a patented
propietary name (EX. Prinival; Zestril)
drug class - -answer-a group of drugs that all work by the same
mechanism of action (EX. ace-inhibitors)
active ingrediant - -answer-the drug itself
inactive ingrediant - -answer-helps facilitate the administration and
absorption of the drug
aqueous preperation - -answer-liquid medication. EX. cough medicine.
taken by mouth
tablet - -answer-the drug itself is made into a powder and pressed into
this form. most common.
troche/lozenge - -answer-flattened tablets that dissolve in the mouth
and absorb into the tissue in the mouth
capsule - -answer-gelatin container with either the powder or liquid
drug inside
delayed-release - -answer-either a tablet or capsule; treated with a
coating that will allow the drug to work overtime (usually 24 hours)
antagonist - -answer-drug binds to the receptor; there is NO response
AND it prevents other agonists from binding
,competitive antagonist - -answer-drug competes with agonist and if it
binds there is no response
noncompetitive antagonist - -answer-drug combines with different
parts of the receptor and inactivates it; agonist then has no effect
enzymes - -answer-drugs can interact with these by inhibiting or
enhancing their action
nonselective interactions - -answer-describes drugs that don't target a
specific receptor or enzyme but rather target cell membranes and
various cell processes
pharmacology - -answer-the study or science of drugs
drug - -answer-any chemical that affects the physiologic process of a
living organism
theraputic effect - -answer-the desired effect of a drug
side effect - -answer-an undesired effect of a drug but NOT harmful
adverse effect - -answer-an undesired effect of a drug, POTENTIALLY
harmful
toxic effect - -answer-an undesired effect of a drug, IS HARMFUL
mechanism of action - -answer-how a drug produces its effects
site of action - -answer-the location within the body where a drug
exerts its theraputic effect
onset of action - -answer-the point in time after administration when a
drug begins to exert its therapeutic effect
receptor - -answer-specific cellular structures that a drug binds to in
order to produce a physiologic effect
,antagonist receptor - -answer-works to interfere with other drugs or a
substance from producing an effect
agonist receptor - -answer-works to activate a physiologic response
chemical name - -answer-defines the chemical composition of the drug
generic name - -answer-non-propietary name (EX. Lisinopril)
factors that affect drug response - -answer-age, weight, sex, genetic
variation
as you age, absorption is _____ - -answer-delayed
as you age, distribution is ____ - -answer-increased
as you age, metabolism ____ - -answer-decreases
as you age, excretion ___ - -answer-decreases
incompatability - -answer-physical changes that occur when mixed
with another drug prior to administration
additive effects - -answer-when the combined effect of two drugs is
equal to the sum of each on its own
synergism - -answer-when the combined effect of two drugs is greater
the sum of each on its own
antagonism - -answer-when the combined effect of two drugs is less
than the sum of each on its own
pregnancy category A - -answer-studies have not yet demonstrated
risk to the fetus (ex. vitamins)
, pregnancy category B - -answer-studies have not been performed in
pregnant women but show no risk to the fetus in animal studies (ex.
tylenol)
pregnancy category C - -answer-studies have not been performed in
pregnant women or animals OR animal studies revealed some risk to
the fetus
pregnancy category D - -answer-studies have revealed risk to the
fetus. risk vs benefit ratio must be used prior to administration
pregnancy category X - -answer-studies have indicated significant risk
to the fetus. contraindicated for use during pregnancy
scheduled drug class 1 - -answer-high abuse potential and no accepted
medical use (ex. heroin, marijuana)
scheduled drug class 2 - -answer-high abuse potential and accepted
medical use (ex. narcotics) no refill without order
scheduled drug class 3 - -answer-moderate abuse potential and
accepted medical use (ex. barbiturates, steroids) may be refilled 5
times within 6 months with order
scheduled drug class 4 - -answer-low abuse potential and accepted
medical use (ex. phenobarbital, chloral hydrate, anti-anxiety meds)
scheduled drug class 5 - -answer-limited abuse potential and accepted
medical use (ex. codeine, lomitol)
drug tolerance - -answer-decreased effect after repeated
administration
drug dependence - -answer-reliance on a drug becomes extremely
important
drug abuse - -answer-begin using the drug for non-medical purposes
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