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NSG 527 Final: Module 10-12 Exam 2024 Review
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NSG 527 Final: Module 10-12 Exam 2024 Review
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NSG 527 Final: Module 10-12 Exam2024 Review
General Systems Theory - Answer>> "a system theory
constitutes a way of explaining a unit such as a family as it
relates to and interacts with other systems....it explain how
each variable affects the whole and how the whole affects
each part"
Concepts of the General Systems Theory - Answer>>
System: one unit in totality for analysis; interdependency;
the structure is the organization of the parts needed for
effective function and measurable outcomes.
Holism or Nonsummativity: the system is analyzed
holistically and not in individual parts
Interconnectedness: the system is interconnected with the
environment in which it exists
Social System: is a social organization with persons
having interactions with defined boundaries
Open System: all living systems must be interactive with
the environment
Closed System: does not need interaction with the
environment to survive
Hierarchy of Systems: each unit has a hierarchy that
transcends from a higher-level to a lower-level system; an
identified system of study is called a target system of focal
system.
Boundaries: are lines of demarcation from systems,
subsystems, and suprasystems; these boundaries can be
,porous or flexible to allow more or less interaction
between the system and the environment.
Input: is received from the environment and affects
survival; it is the source of output in the system.
Output: occurs when a system monitors and processes its
output.
Feedback: ongoing monitoring of input and output in a
system.
Self-Regulation, Homeostasis, Steady State, and
Equilibrium: self-regulation is a mechanism for managing
the family's ability to balance and control input; when this
occurs there is homeostasis, steady state and equilibrium.
Differentiation: this process occurs for growth and change
to occur; families need a balance of stability
(morphostasis) and change to grow as a unit.
Energy: increased energy is needed from the environment
for systems with increased activity; energy is necessary
for differentiation to occur.
Application of the General Systems Theory Concepts to
the Family - Answer>> - Family: living social system;
interdependent; family members in a single unit for
reaching mutual goals.
- Reciprocal Determinism of the Ripple Effect: the ripple
effect occurs when a significant stressor impacts one
family member and the effect "ripples" to the entire family
unit; circular causation.
- Nonsummativity: the family unit is "greater than the sum
of its parts"; a comprehensive assessment of the family
includes all components of the interrelatedness.
, - Self-Reflexivity and Goal Seeking: families have an
innate sense to focus on their organizational structure and
function and then to set goals accordingly; communication
is the key methodology for ensuring success of this
process.
- Hierarchy of Systems: Family as Focal System: the
family has a hierarchal structure with its members; this
also extends to the environment which encompasses
institutions of the suprasystem.
- Open, Closed and Random Family Systems: Open
family-in an open system with the environment; change is
necessary and desirable; boundaries are permeable in the
family system. Closed-family-social control; rigidity;
change is a stressor to the family Random-family-
individual family members determine their boundaries;
family dynamics are in chaos
- Family Boundaries: adaptation within families occurs
when boundaries can expand and retract to regulate input
and output; the degree of openness can act negatively
and/or positively on the stability of the family.
- Family Adaptation: family members have the ability to be
flexible in altering behavior; the family adapts by actively
processing internal and external input; family homeostasis
occurs when there is balance.
- Family Subsystems: families have multiple subsystems
comprising the family structure; Table 6-2, p. 162,
provides an overview of family subsytems in the nuclear,
two-parent family.
Attachment Theory - Answer>> Attachment theory is
focused on the relationships and bonds between people,
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