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BIO 235 Exam 1 Questions With Verified Answers

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BIO 235 Exam 1 Questions With Verified Answers While undergoing mitosis, the ____ is the central regio on DNA that connects sister chromatids Centromere Homologous chromosome pairs...? have a chromosome from mother and father, synapse during prophase of meiosis 1, same genes but different a...

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  • May 17, 2024
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Biology 235 - Exam 3 Prep Questions With
Verified Answers
Resistance
opposition to blood flow from friction


What is hypertrophy?
increase in muscle size


How does hypertrophy occur?
increase in the number of actin and myosin filaments


satellite cells
protect neuron cell bodies


Blood Flow Resistance
the opposition to blood flow through a vessel


Blood Flow Resistance Factors
Blood Viscosity
Vessel Length
Vessel Radius


Flow rate of blood
F = (pressure gradient / resistance)
or
F = delta_P / R


Effect of radius of blood vessels
friction increases as surface area of contact increases
-more vessel wall in contact with blood
vs
-less contact


Artery
-Contain connective tissue with more elastin
endothelium, elastic tissue, smooth muscle


Arteriole
-where muscle is located, these vessels can respond to SNS or local signals
endothelium, smooth muscle


Capillary
just endothelium


Vein

, -Veins include valves
valve, endothelium, smooth muscle, elastic fibers


Major importance of arteries
serve as a pressure reservoir
-elastic recoil drives flow of blood during diastole


Artery function during systole action
temporarily expand and hold pumped blood


Artery function during diastole action
elastic recoil from artery drives flow of blood


Systole means
Contraction of the heart
-heart squeezes and empties


Diastole means
Relaxation of the heart
-heart relaxes and fills up


How is the amount of blood flowing to organs controlled?
Mean Arterial Pressure


What is the importance of Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?
pressure forcing blood into tissues, averaged over cardiac cycle
-driving force for blood flow


Arterioles
control flow to their capillary bed, all together determine peripheral resistance


How is arteriole diameter influenced?
-sympathetic vasoconstriction

-local factors indicating how active they are: high CO2, high H+, cause release of signals from vessel
wall cells (endothelial cells)

-blood does not flow to all capillary beds all the time!



Vasoconstriction
-increases resistance

-increases blood pressure

-increasing MAP upstream

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