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HLST 200 Final Exam Questions With 100% Verified Answers chain of infection infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host Infectious agents (pathogens) The types of microbes that can cause infections are viruses, bacteria, fungi, protoz...

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  • May 15, 2024
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HLST 200 Final Exam Questions With 100%
Verified Answers
chain of infection
infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host


Infectious agents (pathogens)
The types of microbes that can cause infections are viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, & helminths
(parasitic worms).


Viruses
Tough, Tiny pathogens that are 10 to 100 times smaller than bacteria & much smaller than fungi.


Most Common Viruses
filoviruses, hepatitis, herpes, influenza, noroviruses, papillomaviruses, retroviruses, rhinoviruses &
adrenoviruses, slow viruses


Bacteria
simple one-celled organisms


bacterial diseases
tuberculosis, tetanus, gonorrhea, scarlet fever, diphtheria


Fungi
A eukaryotic organism that that come in a variety of shapes and sizes


Protozoa
single-celled, microscopic animals that release enzymes and toxins that destroy cells or interfere with
their function


Giardiasis
an intestinal infection caused by microorganisms in human and animal feces


Helminths (Parasitic worms)
small parasitic worms that attack specific tissues or organs and compete with the host for nutrients


Reservoir
a place where any infectious agent can live, grow, and multiply


Botulism
a deadly food disease caused by certain bacteria that grow in improperly canned foods


Listeria
a type of bacterium found in food, soil, vegetation, water, sewage, and the feces of humans and
animals

,BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease)
a disease that affects the central nervous system, especially in cows


Prions
infectious self-reproducing protein structures


vector-borne transmission
when an insect or an animal transmits disease to a human


Ways that a pathogen can be transmitted
- Direct contact
- indirect contact
- droplet transmission
- airborne transmission
- common vehicle transmission


prodromal period
short period after incubation; early, mild symptoms


humoral immunity
protection provided by antibodies


antigen
any substance that enters the body and triggers production of an antibody


active immunity
long-lasting immunity in which the body makes its own antibodies to a pathogen


passive immunity
Immunity produced by the transfer to one person of antibodies that were produced by another
person


gamma globulin
the antibody-containing part of the blood


cell-mediated immunity
mainly protects against parasites, fungi, cancer cells, and foreign tissue


lymph nodes
small tissue masses in which some protective cells are stored


Vaccine

, an injection or shot that contain tiny amount of material that make your immune system produce
antibodies


500
the approximate number of microorganisms that cause disease


more than 200
the amount of distinct cold viruses, or rhinoviruses


Rhinoviruses
cause most spring, summer, & early fall colds and tend to cause more symptoms above the neck


adenovirus, coronavirus, Influenza virus
strike in the winter and more likely to get into the bronchi & trachea and cause more fever &
bronchitis


Reye's syndrome
a potentially deadly disorder that can cause convulsions, coma, swelling of the brain, & kidney
damage. Can be caused by taking aspirin for a cold or flu


antihistamines
most widely used cold remedy


Dextromethorphan
cough suppressant - turns down the brains cough reflex


Pseudoephedrine
open & drain sinus passages but can speed up heart rate & cause complications in individuals with
high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, or thyroid disorders


Guaifenesin
helps liquify secretions so you can bring up mucus from the chest


Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)
caused by viruses that occur naturally in wild birds


severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
a respiratory illness caused by a previously unknown type of coronavirus


Meningitis
an infection of the fluid & membranes around the brain and spinal cord - caused by bacteria, viruses,
or fungi


Hepatitis

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