PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM L ATEST 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) AGRADE What is an enzyme? - ANSWER >>>>Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change What is the process of photosynthesis? - ANSWER >>>> -The process in which the Sun's energy is converted into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts). -Carbon dioxide and water are added -Sugar and oxygen are produced What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER >>>>Cellular respiration is the process that releases en ergy from food in the presence of oxygen. What is the cellular respiration equation? - ANSWER >>>>6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy What is glycolysis? - ANSWER >>>>"splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP. What is Krebs cycle? - ANSWER >>>> This term refers to a series of chemical reactions that involve the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy) along with hydrogen and carbon, which combine with oxygen to form (H2O) and (CO2). What is the electron transport chain? - ANSWER >>>>Is a sequence of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons, down a series of reactions that release energy; used to make ATP. What is cellular reproduction? - ANSWER >>>>Process by which cells divide to form new cells Growth phase - cell duplicates its contents and DNA Cell Division - the cytoplasm and DNA of a parent cell are distribute to 2 daughter cells How many chromosomes do humans have? - ANSWER >>>>46 (23 pairs) What is nondisjunction and when does it occur? - ANSWER >>>>Non disjunction occurs when chromosomes do not separate properly during cell division. This can form a gamete with an extra chromosome or one missing part or all of a chromosome (aka monosomy or trisomy). OCCURS DURING ANAPHASE 1 & 2 Characteristics of living things - ANSWER >>>> -All are composed of cells -All obtain energy and use it to develop -Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change -Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment Levels of Biological Organization - ANSWER >>>>atom, molecule, organelle, ce ll, tissue, organ, organ system, organism How are organisms classified? - ANSWER >>>>on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic relatedness What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? - ANSWER >>>> Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer bias It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner. The best way to discover how and why the world works What is matter? - ANSWER >>>>Anything that has m ass and takes up space What is an atom? - ANSWER >>>>smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties of an element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a solid, gas or liquid What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWER >>> >Nucleus in the center that contains protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is called an electron shell that contain the electrons (negatively charged) What is an ionic bond? - ANSWER >>>>A chemical bond that's formed when an atom transfers and electron to another Atom What is a covalent bond? - ANSWER >>>>Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to have a completed outer shell What is a double covalent bond? - ANSWER >>>>Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of elec troms In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? - ANSWER >>>>Carbon and hydrogen What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their parts? - ANSWER >>>>Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid What are the prope rties of water? - ANSWER >>>>Its attraction to polar molecules. High-specific heat. High heat of vaporization. The lower density of ice. High polarity. Carbohydrates - ANSWER >>>>Broken down to glucose to provide energy. What are the different kinds of c arbs? - ANSWER >>>>Glucose= monosaccharide that serves as blood sugar Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in plants Glycogen= stores energy in animals Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls Protein - ANSWER >>>>macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair
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