Psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Applied Psychology
Practical application of the findings of research psychologists.
Research Psychology
The study of the origin, cause, or result of certain behavior.
Biopsychological Approach
An approach that focuses on biolog...
Psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Applied Psychology
Practical application of the findings of research psychologists.
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Research Psychology
The study of the origin, cause, or result of certain behavior.
Biopsychological Approach
An approach that focuses on biological, chemical, and hormonal
factors.
Behavioral Approach
Focuses on learning. Developed by B.F. Skinner and John B. Watson.
Humanistic Approach
Focuses on reaching one's full potential. States that humans are
basically good and we determine our own destiny. Carl Rogers is the
best known humanist.
Psychoanalytic Approach
Focuses on childhood and unconscious processes. Founded by Sigmund
Freud. States that aggresive and sexual impulses that we develop
during childhood are hidden in the unconscious.
Cognitive Approach
Focuses on thought processes. States that rational thought can
influence behavior and that the most important human ability is to
take in information and process it.
Sociocultural Approach
Focuses on cultural, ethnic, racial, and religious factors.
, Eclecticism
Combining different theories.
Scientific Method
A general approach to gathering information and answering questions
so that errors and biases are minimized.
Hypothesis
An assumption about behavior.
Dependent Variable
The variable that is measured in an experiment.
Independent Variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose
effect is being studied.
Naturalistic Observation
Behavior studied in natural environment without subjects knowing.
Case Study
Research method that involves an intensive investigationof one or
more participants.
Survey
Research method in which data is obtained by asking many individuals
a fixed set of questions.
Longitudinal Study
Research method in which data is collected about a group of
participants over a number of years to assess how certain
characteristics change or remain the same during development.
Cross-Sectional Study
Research method in which data is collected from groups of
participants of different ages and compared so that conclusions can
be drawn about differences due to age.
Wilhelm Wundt
Considered the "Father of Psychology". Created the first lab for
psychological research. Developed the process of introspection.
William James
One of the founders of American psychology, he thought that human
consciousness should be studied as a whole; a theory known as
Structuralism.
Sigmund Freud
The "Father of Psychoanalysis. he developed one of the first
comprehensive theories of personality. Believed that behavior is
determined by unconscious forces that are rooted in childhood
experiences.
Ivan Pavlov
Russian scientist credited with discovering classical conditioning
(learned through involuntary associations); "Pavlov's Dogs"
John B. Watson
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