Microbiology (BIO 208) Exam 1 Study Guide Questions and Answers 100% Solved correctly
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Course
Microbiology
Institution
Microbiology
Define "Microbe" and discuss exceptions to the definition - Microbe: small microorganism that
can cause fermentation or disease.
-Found in 3 domains of life (Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea).
Exceptions: some microorganisms and viruses does not fall within in these categories.
-Viruses are acell...
Microbiology (BIO 208) Exam 1 Study
Guide
Define "Microbe" and discuss exceptions to the definition - Microbe: small microorganism that
can cause fermentation or disease.
-Found in 3 domains of life (Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea).
Exceptions: some microorganisms and viruses does not fall within in these categories.
-Viruses are acellular (not composed of cells)
Compare and contrast the features of prokaryotes and eukaryotes - Prokaryotes:
- Bacteria/Archaea
-no membrane bound organelles
-generally smaller
Eukaryotes:
- Protists
-contain membrane bound organelles
-DNA enclosed in organelles
-generally larger
Types of activities carried about by microbial cells - PROPERTIES OF ALL CELLS:
-Nutrients from the environment are converted into new cell materials to form new cells
3)Evolution
-Cells evolve and develop new properties
PROPERTIES OF SOME CELLS
, 1)Differentiation
-Some cells can form new cell structures such as a spore
2)Communication
-Cells interact with each other by chemical messengers
3)Genetic Exchange
-Cells can exchange genes by several mechanisms
4)Motility
-Some are capable of self-propulsion
Historical figures that contribute and are important in the genesis of the discipline of microbiology -
Robert Hooke (1635-1703):
-The first to describe microbes.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723):
-The first to describe bacteria.
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895):
-Disproved theory or spontaneous generation and discovered fermentation was a biologically mediated
process.
Ignaz Semmelweis:
-Importance of hand washing and prevent transfer of disease between patients and physicians
Joseph Lister:
-Proper care or surgical wounds and the sterilization of surgical equipment
Robert Koch (1843-1910):
-Developed techniques for obtaining pure cultures.
-Demonstrated link between microbes and infectious diseases (EX: anthrax and tuberculosis)
-Koch's Postulates
Explain the role of pure cultures in the study of microbes and how to obtain them - -Using solid
media is a way to obtain pure cultures
-(Potato Slices),devised uniform and reproducible nutrient solutions solidified with gelatin and agar
-Observed the masses of cells "colonies" (cell's morphology)
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