Question 1: No Stimuli 7 points
(A) Describe ONE way that labor costs influence the location of food processing facilities in
more developed countries.
Accept one of the following:
• A1. Food processing companies may locate in places (e.g., rural areas, small towns,
small cities, areas o...
(A) Describe ONE way that labor costs influence the location of food processing facilities in 1 point
more developed countries.
Accept one of the following:
• A1. Food processing companies may locate in places (e.g., rural areas, small towns,
small cities, areas of high unemployment, areas without unions) where labor costs are
lower.
• A2. Food processing companies may prefer not to locate in places where labor costs
are higher (e.g., urban areas, areas with higher payroll taxes, areas with strong union
presence).
• A3. Food processing facilities may locate in places where they have access to workers
who may be paid below market rates, at minimum wage, and/or with few benefits
(e.g., migrant labor, female labor).
(B) Describe ONE way that the development of large-scale commercial agriculture has 1 point
affected the use of agricultural technology in the United States and Canada.
Accept one of the following:
• B1. The development of large-scale commercial agriculture has led to size and/or cost
increases in machinery (e.g., irrigation systems, tractors, combines).
• B2. The development of large-scale commercial agriculture has driven efficiency
increases in farm management and production with agricultural software (e.g., GPS
systems or drones in precision agriculture, software for feed processing).
• B3. The development of large-scale commercial agriculture has led to increasing use of
biotechnology, such as genetic modification of crops and animals for diverse purposes
(e.g., to increase yields, to improve pest resistance, to change taste and/or appearance).
• B4. The development of large-scale commercial agriculture has led to increases in
efficiency of farm management and production systems (e.g., in nutrition, feeding,
pesticides, environmental management, control of pollution).
, AP® Human Geography 2022 Scoring Guidelines
(C) Explain how the development of large-scale commercial agriculture has led to the 1 point
agglomeration of food processing facilities in towns and rural areas of the United States
and Canada.
Accept one of the following:
• C1. Food processing facilities that process grains, vegetables, and/or meat into food
and/or fuel agglomerate in rural areas or towns in grain-growing areas to reduce
costs associated with transportation, to take advantage of shared infrastructure,
and/or to draw from a lower-paid labor pool than in urban areas.
• C2. Food-processing facilities that process perishable products (e.g., dairy, fruit) tend
to locate in rural areas or towns in close proximity to urban areas to be close to
consumers and/or limit food spoilage.
(D) Explain a strength of using the concept of complex commodity chains to understand the 1 point
production and consumption of ONE of the following:
• orange juice
• hamburger
Accept one of the following:
• D1. Complex commodity chain analysis helps to understand the entire process of orange
farming, harvesting, processing, packaging, shipping, and/or distribution of orange juice,
or the husbandry, raising, feed production, transportation, slaughter, processing,
packaging, and/or distribution of hamburger and/or beef.
• D2. Complex commodity chain analysis helps producers maximize their profits by
understanding costs and profits associated with processing, distribution, marketing,
and/or retailing leading to the consumption of orange juice or hamburger.
• D3. Complex commodity chain analysis helps distributors maximize profits by
understanding costs and benefits associated with the entire commodity chain of orange
juice or hamburger from production to consumption.
• D4. Complex commodity chain analysis helps marketers better promote orange juice or
hamburgers to national or regional consumers based on understanding the entire
production to consumption process, from grower to consumer.
• D5. Complex commodity chain analysis helps elucidate the entire process of production
and consumption of orange juice or hamburger and all the related social and
environmental costs and/or effects; this, in turn, may help effect change in the
commodity chain to promote sustainability.
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