object permanence by 2y/o; requires the ability to form a mental
representation (i.e., a schema) of the object.
Respond to stimuli; new people;
Response patterns: hand to mouth
Searches for hidden objects
understands causes not visible
, 2. Pre-operational Stage - ANS -Piaget: 2 to 7 years
punishment for bad deeds is unavoidable (immanent justice)
think about things symbolically: a word or an object - stand for
something other than itself.
Egocentric: you do it too; difficulty taking another view point.
Animistic: I'm afraid of the moon
Lack of hierarchy: where do the blocks go
Centration: I want it now!
Irreversibility: I don't know how to go back there
Tranducive reasoning: go the way Daddy goes
5-6 get humor; do chores
6-7 good memory, solve problems
3. Concrete Operations Period - ANS -Piaget: 7 to 11 years
,can think logically but still learn best from direct experience.
thought is logical and reversible; the child understands classes,
relationships, and part-whole relationships dealing with concrete
things.
understanding of conservation and reversibility: conserve number (age
6), mass (age 7), and weight (age 9).
Understand hierarchies
4. Formal (abstract) Operational stage - ANS -Piaget: 11 years to
adulthood—development of logic and reasoning and second-
order thoughts: thinking about thoughts.
the ability to think about abstract concepts, and logically test
hypotheses.
Problem-solving is systematized and organized manner, rather than
through trial-and-error
, Avoid things based on supposition of neg consequences
5. Trust vs. Mistrust - ANS -Erickson: Infancy to 18 mo
If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust;
dependent on primary caregiver attachment
Hope
temporal perspective vs time confusion
mutual recognition vs autistic isolation
psychopathology: psychosis, addiction, depression
6. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - ANS -Erikson: 18 mo-3 yrs
learns to exercise will and to do things independently. Holding on and
letting go: speech, sphincter and muscle control
Will
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