NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL EXAM
.A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia.: False
2.Barrett esophagus
is an example of dysplasia: false
3.hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the number of cells: True
4.Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy: True
5.proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the disease: sensi- tivity
6.how likely the same result will occur if repeated: reliability
7.how a tool measures what it is intended to measure: validity
8.people without the disease who are negative on a given test: specificity
9.Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton?: it includes peroxisomes and protea- somes
10.Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply.: 1: Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane
2:Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell 3:Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
11.Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply.: 1: Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
2:Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells 3: Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
12.Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply.: 1: They are found far from the site of energy consumption.
2:They control free radicals.
13.High blood pressure is an example of which of the following?: pathophysi- ology
14.A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure. What are these examples of?: signs and symptoms
15.Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity?: If negative, it can safely be assumed that the person does not have a disease
16.Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the following?-
: Etiologic factors
17.Define tertiary prevention and give an example:: Tertiary prevention occurs after a disease has been diagnosed and clinical intervention is needed to reduce complications or deterioration. One example is the use of certain medications one must take after a heart attack to help NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL EXAM
reduce the risk of a future event or death.
18.Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis.: In dry
gan- grene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin
wrinkles, and its color changes to dark brown or black. The spread of
dry gangrene is slow. It results from a NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL EXAM
cut off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In
wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin
is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface,
liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The
spread of tissue damage is rapid.
19.Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type of necrosis.: necrosis is cell death to an organ or tissue with still being apart of a living person. An example of this would be luiquefactive
necrosis. this is when the cells die and the catalytic enzymes do not get destroyed after the cells death. This could cause necrosis
20.sunburn: radiation injury
21.obesity: nutritional imbalances
22.reactive oxygen species: free radical injury
23.low oxygen to tissues: hypoxic cell injury
24.fractures: physical agents
25.OTC drugs: Chemical injury
26.hypothermia: physical agents
27.radiation treatment: radiation injury
28.lead toxicity: chemical injury
29.bacteria: biologic agents
30.List the 4 types of tissue found in the body. Pick 2 and give a description and example of each.: Epithelial tissue- covers the body's outer surface, it is avascular and gets its o2 from the capillaries found in the neighboring connective tissues, and example of this is simple squamous tissue which means one layer of thin cells.
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue- is found all throughout the body, helps with communication between tissues and the central nervous system. it aids in the functions of the body due to internal and external stimuli, helps with movement, and electrical signaling. neurons are an example of this,
they aid in communicating to other cells in the body, they are held and supported by glial cells.
Connective tissue
31.What term means "cell eating" and engulfs and then kills microorganisms or other particulate matter?: Phagocytosis
32.What is the term to describe when cells use energy to move ions against an electrical or chemical gradient?: Active transport
33.Give one function of a membrane potential:: Generate nerve impulse, muscle contractions, or cause hormone secretion NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL EXAM
.What is the term that best describes the following process?
A transport protein aiding a lipid insoluble or large molecule across the cell
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