pg. 1 1 UTA 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Test 1&2 Questions and Answers Rated A+ UTA 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Test 1 Atrophy ✔✔E. Cells decrease in size P. Still functional Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood Pathological: disuse Hypertrophy ✔✔E. Increase in cell size P. Increased workload Physiologic: weightlifting Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN Hyperplasia ✔✔E. Increase in cell number P. Increased cellular division Physiologic: liver regeneration Pathologic: endometrial - usually r/t hormones Dysplasia ✔✔E. Cells change in size, shape, organization P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation Physiologic: N/A Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV Metaplasia ✔✔E. one cell type replaced with another pg. 2 2 P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible Physiologic: N/A Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke pg. 3 3 Hypoxia injury ✔✔E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death. C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy Free radical and ROS ✔✔E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will overwhelm the mitochondria - exhaust intracellular antioxidants P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Ethanol ✔✔E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and nutritional status P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies -Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4, inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure irreversible Oncosis ✔✔Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increases in weight, becomes distended and pale. Associated with high fever, hypocalcemia, certain infections Fatty Infiltration ✔✔intracellular accumulation of lipids in the liver liver fails to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or high fat diet. can lead to cirrhosis dystrophic calcification ✔✔accumulation of Ca in dead or dying tissues calcium salt clump and harden - interfere with cellular structure and function r/t pulmonary TB, atherosclerosis, injured heart valves, chronic pancreatitis metastatic calcification ✔✔accumulation of Ca in normal tissue
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