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Summary Pharmaceutical Nanotechnologies
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In depth summary on the different types of drug delivery for nanomedicine
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Pharmaceutical NanotechnologyILOs
- Discuss novel formulations changing PK
- Discuss the effect of PEGylation in various nanoscale drug delivery systems
- Discuss advantages and disadvantages of various nanomedicines
- Provide examples of nanomedicines in the market
What is PEGylation?
- Polyethylene glycol chains are attached to a drug
- Can modify the properties of the drug improving its pharmacokinetics and
pharmacodynamics
- Enhances stability of a molecule
- Reduces immunogenicity
Which nanotechnologies have PEGylation?
Liposomes
Polymeric nanoparticles
Micelles
Dendrimers
Define pharmaceutical nanotechnology
application of nanoscale materials
usually 1-100nm
techniques in design, delivery, and development of pharmaceutical materials
for medical purposes
also called nanomedicines
Why are nanomedicines important?
precision at a molecular and cellular level, reducing side effects
improved formulations enhancing stability and bioavailability
enhance therapeutic outcomes by improving solubility and dissolution and enabling
controlled release for efficacy
o nanoparticles with a high surface to volume ratio are much easier to dissolve
advanced diagnostics improve imaging e.g. MRI and CT
Examples of nanomedicines
, What is the size of nanomedicines?
- 1nm to 100nm
What is fabrication?
- Process of making or constructing something
- E.g. shaping, moulding, welding, cutting
What is bottom-up nanofabrication?
the creation of nanoparticles from molecular or atomic precursors through chemical
reactions
nanoparticles are built up from smaller building blocks
These precursors undergo chemical reactions, often in the presence of reducing
agents or stabilizing agents, leading to the formation of nanoparticles.
they self-assemble
spontaneously organize themselves into ordered structures
due to intrinsic interactions such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, or
hydrophobic interactions.
E.g., ampiphilic molecules assemble into micelles encapsulating drugs within their
core
What is top-down nanofabrication?
start with a bulk material and break it down and down to a smaller scale
Lithography is a technique used to pattern surfaces at the nanoscale by selectively
removing or modifying material.
Nanostructures can be created by selectively removing material from a substrate
using techniques like reactive ion etching or chemical etching.
What are drug conjugates? Give examples
also known as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)
a class of therapeutic agents designed to target and treat specific cells within the
body,
typically, cancer cells, while minimizing damage to healthy cells.
e.g. mAbs, cytotoxic drugs etc
Components of a drug conjugate
carrier
o recognizing and binding to specific molecular targets
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