Leiden University
International Bachelor in Psychology, Year 1
Chapter 3 Biology and Behavior
Summary consist of the literature IBP students need to know for the first year of the bachelor from the book "How children develop" by Siegler, Saffran, Eisenberg, DeLoache & Gershoff. (Fifth edition)
Test Bank For How Children Develop 5th Edition by Robert S. Siegler Chapter 1-16 Complete Guide A+
Test Bank For How Children Develop 5th Edition by Robert Siegler 9781319014230 Chapter 1-16 Complete Guide.
Test Bank For How Children Develop 5th Edition by Robert S. Siegler Chapter 1-16 Complete Guide A+
All for this textbook (14)
Written for
Universiteit Leiden (UL)
Psychologie
Developmental and Educational Psychology
All documents for this subject (11)
Seller
Follow
vandriellisa
Reviews received
Content preview
Chapter 3 Biology and behavior
Nature and nurture
Genome = complete set of genes of any organism
1. Genotype = genetic material an individual inherits
2. Phenotype = observable expression of genotype, including body
characteristics and behavior
3. Environment
These three elements are involved in 5 relations important in the development of
every child:
1) parents’ genetic contribution to the child’s genotype
a) Chromosomes with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
b) Genes are codes for production of certain proteins.
c) XX = female, XY = male → father determines the sex.
d) Mutation = a change in a section of DNA → increase resistance to
disease/adapt to environment → evolution
e) Crossing over = process by which sections of DNA switch from one
chromosome to the other → promotes variability
2) contribution of the child’s genotype to his/her own phenotype
a) Endophenotypes = intermediate phenotypes including brain &
nervous systems that do not involve overt behavior
b) Genes are turned on and off → regulated by regulator genes.
c) Genes never function in isolation: one turned off, other turned on, etc.
d) Dominant vs. recessive alleles → homozygous or heterozygous for trait
e) Males are more likely to suffer from sex-linked inherited disorders
because of recessive alleles on their chromosomes.
f) Polygenic inheritance = inheritance in which traits are governed by
more than one gene.
3) contribution of the child’s environment to his/her phenotype
a) Norm of reaction = all the phenotypes that can theoretically result
from a given genotype in relation to all the environments in which it can
survive and develop.
b) PKU = a disorder related to a defective recessive gene on
chromosome 12 that prevents metabolism of the amino acid
phenylalanine.
c) Parent’s relationship with child is important part of the environment →
is genetically influenced.
4) influence of the child’s phenotype on his/her environment
a) Child as source of own development → active creators of environment:
i) actively evoke certain kinds of responses from others
ii) actively select surroundings and experiences that match their
interests, talents, and personality characteristics.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller vandriellisa. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.44. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
