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Renal Exam 2 – RRT Questions with 100% Correct Answers

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Renal Exam 2 – RRT Questions with 100% Correct Answers Verified 3 types of vascular access for hemodialysis Arteriovenous fistula, arteriovenous graft, venous catheters Arteriovenous fistula Surgical connection between artery and vein, ideal, heals quickly Arteriovenous graft Synthe...

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  • May 4, 2024
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Renal Exam 2 – RRT Questions with 100%
Correct Answers Verified
3 types of vascular access for hemodialysis
Arteriovenous fistula, arteriovenous graft, venous catheters


Arteriovenous fistula
Surgical connection between artery and vein, ideal, heals quickly


Arteriovenous graft
Synthetic connection between artery and vein


Venous cathters
Inserted into veins, temporary, emergency situations


What risk do all types of vascular access have
Infection


When should you plan for dialysis
GFR below 30 (stage 4)


When is dialysis usually initiated
GFR below 15 (Stage 5)


HD diffusion
Passive movement of solute across semipermeable membrane, removes small electrolytes and can
add solutes to blood


HD ultrafiltration
Movement of solvent across a membrane with a pressure gradient, removes water and large solutes
(urea, drugs)


Hypotension definition
Sudden drop in SBP over 30 or SBP under 90


What causes hypotension in HD
Fluid removal from bloodstream, taking HTN meds before HF


Hypotension treatment
NS bolus, tilt head below feet


Hypotension prevention
Midrodrine 30 minutes before HD, hold HTN meds until after HD

, What causes muscle cramps in HD
Removal of too much fluid, decreased perfusion of muscles


Muscle cramps treatment
NS, hypertonic saline, dextrose 50%


Muscle cramps prevention (non-pharm)
Decrease rate, stretching


Muscle cramps prevention (pharm)
Vitamin E 400 units QHS, 2nd line quinine 324mg QD


What type of access is thrombosis most common with
Venous catheters


Thrombosis treatment
1st line: NS flush
2nd line: thrombolytic


Thrombosis prevention
Heparin locks


Which access is most likely to get infected
Venous catheters


Which bacteria likely infect HD access
Staph aureus (including MRSA) and staphepidermidis


HD - who is empiric G+ therapy indicated for
Everyone with infection


HD - who is empiric G- therapy indicated for
DM, HIV, prosthetic heart valves, receiving immunosuppression


Tunneled venous catheters without drainage treatment
Topical mupirocin


Tunneled venous catheters with drainage treatment
Cefazolin or IV vancomycin


Tunneled venous catheter asymptomatic bacteremia treatment
Cefazolin or vancomycin (MRSA) for 6 weeks

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