APHY 102 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the organs of the respiratory system and where are they located?
The organs of the respiratory system can be found in the head, neck, and thoracic cavity and include:
-Blood vessels of the pulmonary circuit
-Rib cage
-Respiratory muscles
-Lungs...
APHY 102 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the organs of the respiratory system and where are they located?
The organs of the respiratory system can be found in the head, neck, and thoracic
cavity and include:
-Blood vessels of the pulmonary circuit
-Rib cage
-Respiratory muscles
-Lungs
-Respiratory tract
What is the respiratory tract, and where does gas exchange occur within it?
A system of hollow tubes, and gas exchange occurs in the alveoli.
The upper passages are from _________ to ___________.
Nasal cavity to Larynx
The lower passages are from __________ to ____________.
Trachea to Alveoli
What are alveoli?
tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs
What are the lungs?
Spongy organs in the thoracic cavity, that contain alveoli and elastic tissue
What are the differences between conducting zones and respiratory zones?
Respiratory zones contain alveoli and involve gas exchange
Conducting zones are conduits through air travels
What is pulmonary ventilation?
movement of air into and out of the lungs
What is pulmonary gas exchange?
movement of gases between lungs and blood
What is gas transport?
movement of gases through blood
What is tissue gas exchange?
movement of gases between blood and tissues
There are six (6) other functions of the respiratory system. Know these. Some we
have already discussed.
Speech and Sound
Sense of Smell
Removal of waste and assistance in childbirth by increasing thoracic pressure
Pressure to assist lymph and vein flow
Acid-base homeostasis
Production of enzyme
angiotensin-II (blood pressure and fluid)
What happens to air inhaled through the nose?
Air is warmed and humidified.
Debris is filtered from inhaled air by the?
turbinated/conchae
Antibacterial substances are secreted by ______ and other parts of the immune
system.
,MALT
Olfactory receptors are located here.
The nose and nasal cavity
Enhanced resonance of voice occurs in the _____ cavity.
Nose and Nasal cavity
Review Figure 21.2 and 21.3 for the anatomy of the nose and nasal cavity and
reference the lab list.
Olfactory mucous membranes (roof of nasal cavity):
Associated with the sense of smell.
Bipolar neurons
Cranial Nerve I
Access mucosa through cribriform plate of ethmoid.
The respiratory mucosa is
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
Trap debris in the produced mucus.
The cilia move the debris and mucus to where we can sneeze, blow our nose or
swallow them.
The pharynx or throat is our next stop. It is divided into three anatomical
divisions: _______________, __________________ and _______________.
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
The __________________ extends from the ____________ to the uvula.
Nasopharynx; posterior nares
The ________________ also warms, humidifies and filters the air and contains
MALT tissue.
Nasopharnyx
MALT
mucosa associated lymphoid tissue; protects against ingested microbes
The ________________extends from the uvula to the ______________________.
What passes through this area?
Oropharynx; tip of the larynx
Air and food travels through here
The last segment is the __________________. It extends from the hyoid bone to
__________________. What passes through this area?
Laryngopharynx; esophagus
Connects oral cavity to stomach carrying food
So, the pharynx connects the esophagus and the
Larynx
, Reference Figure 21.4 and your lab list.
The larynx is also known as your ______ _______.
voice box
The opening between the vocal cords/folds is the
glottis
Function of the epiglottis (made of elastic cartilage)
Elevates larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering airway
What is the thyroid cartilage known as? It surrounds the vocal cords/folds.
Largest of the unpaired sections
"Adams apple"
What is the cricoid cartilage? What is the membrane called?
Thin membrane is called the circothyroid ligament
Tube can be inserted to provided emergency airway
What are vestibular folds?
False vocal cords, close the glottis during swallowing
What are vocal ligaments?
elastic bands at the core of vocal cords
true vocal cords (vocal folds)
muscles tighten the cords, then air passes over the cords causing them to vibrate,
vibrations produce sound
Loudness, decibels, is related to the force of air/expiration. More force equals a
louder sound. (T or F)
True
Pitch is related to the _______ in the vocal cords. Greater pitch or frequency
equals _____ tension in vocal cords.
tension; more
What is the last tracheal ring called?
Carina, it is responsible for the cough reflex and contains pseudostratified ciliated
columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Describe the trachea and its function
Trachea extends from cricoid cartilage to mediastinum.
Contains C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings.
Back part has smooth muscle and elastic tissue.
Maintains open airway; flexible for esophageal expansion during swallowing.
The bronchial tree. The last tracheal ring or _____________ divides into the
__________________ and the _________________. Once they enter the lungs,
each branches into bronchial trees.
carina; right main bronchus; left main bronchus;
How are the right and left bronchi different?
The right bronchus branches off into three secondary bronchi (for the three lobes of
the right lung). It is also wider, shorter, and straighter
The left has two secondary bronchi (for the two lobes of the left lung).
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