Exam 3 : NSG 124 Pharmacology Questions with Veri fied Answers – Herzing University . What is an ACE Inhibitor? ✔️ Angiotensin -Converting Enzyme :Causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure ACE Inhibitors relax heart and decrease blood pressure What is an examples of a drug ACE Inhibitor? ✔️ Captopril (Capten) Benazepril Perindopril Trandolapril Moexipril what does ACE inhibitors treat? ✔️ HTN, HF, Diabetic Neuropathy, and MI What is the function of ACE Inhibitors? ✔️ Reduce levels of angiotensin II - Bradykinin (dilate blood vessels), reduce blood volume (kidney excretion), Hyperkalemia (elevates potassium in blood) **LOWERS BLOOD PRESSURE** What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors? ✔️ Angioedema, cough (causes from bradykinin), hyperkalemia, hypotension, renal failure Where is the ACE inhibitors excreted from? ✔️ Kidneys What interacts with ACE inhibitors? ✔️ Diuretics, Antihypertensives, potassium supplements, lithium, and NSAIDS What are the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors? ✔️ Hypotension (<90 SBP); dry cough; hyperkalemia (potassium 3.5 -5) angioedema (deep tissue swelling (face, mouth, eyes, throat - high risk in african americans); Dizziness in changing positions (orthostatic hypotension) what do you monitor while patient is on ACE inhibitors? ✔️ BP, Potassium levels (3.5 -5), BUN (5 -20), creatinine (0.6 -1.2), I&O, angioedema (deep tissue swelling (face, mouth, eyes, throat - mostly seen in african americans) Education on ACE inhibitors and ARB's ✔️ BP & pulse regularly Avoid salt substitutes w/ potassium rich foods (potatoes, bananas, pork, oranges, tomatoes, avocados, spinach) Talk to MD if dry cough is not tolerated instead of stopping medication. Spironolactone with ACE or ARB's can increase potassium in blood. DO OT double dose when dose is forgotten. Take dose as scheduled next day. Risk of severe hypotension if doubled. What are ARB's? ✔️ Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers What examples of drugs are used for ARB's? ✔️ Valsartan (Diovan), Candesartan (Atacand, irbesartan (avapro), Losartan (cozaar), elmisartan (micardis) What are ARBs used for? ✔️ Hypertension and for clients who do not tolerate ACE inhibitors, Diabetic nephropathy (kidney disease due to diabetes (type 2 -WATCH for proteinuria), and HEART FAILURE. What do you monitor with a patient on ARB medication? ✔️ BP & pulse regularly (high risk if on diuretics or other cardiac meds, dehydration..) Monitor Potassium levels Renal failure (Pt's with severe heart failure) --BUN increases, creatine increases, I&O (atleast 30cc per hour) Monitor liver enzymes (liver disease) Angioedema - VERY RARE..more likely in ACE Inhibitor What are the side effects of taking an ARB? ✔️ Dizziness, hypotension, hyperkelemia, GI upset
