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Photosynthesis Grade 11 - Summary
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This document will summarise the process of photosynthesis with diagrams and extra notes. Great for studying.
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PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis is the process by which chlorophyll in the
chloroplasts of green plants absorbs radiant energy from the sun,
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water from the soil to
produce carbohydrates (e.g., glucose) which is stored in the plant.
Oxygen is released into the atmosphere during the process.
Enzymes in the cell are also needed for the process. Excess glucose
is converted into starch in the plant.
We can use the following diagram to show the process,
requirements and products of photosynthesis.
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
The process of photosynthesis occurs in two phases:
❑ Light phase: light is required.
❑ Dark phase: no light is required.
, LIGHT PHASE
• The light phase of photosynthesis takes place in the grana of
chloroplasts.
• Radiant energy from the sun is absorbed by chlorophyll in the
grana and transformed into chemical energy.
• Chemical energy is used to split water molecules (H2O) into
energy -rich hydrogen atoms (H) and oxygen atoms (O). The
process is known as photolysis.
• Energy rich hydrogen atoms are transferred to the dark phase.
• Oxygen is released into the atmosphere.
• Radiant energy also causes the energy carrier ATP to be formed
which will be used in the dark phase.
DARK PHASE
• The dark phase of photosynthesis takes place in the stroma of
chloroplasts.
• Carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere and combines
with the energy-rich hydrogen atoms from the light phase using the
energy that is released from ATP.
• Energy-rich carbohydrates (glucose) are formed.
• Excess glucose is stored as starch.
IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Photosynthesis keeps the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere
and water constant. Oxygen is needed by living organisms for
cellular respiration.
• Photosynthesis keeps the level of carbon dioxide constant in the
atmosphere and water. Carbon dioxide is released by organisms
during cellular respiration.
• Photosynthesis provides food for heterotrophic organisms.
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