Community Acquired Pneumonia Exam Questions And Answers Graded A+
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Community Acquired Pneumonia
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Community Acquired Pneumonia
Community Acquired Pneumonia Exam Questions And Answers Graded A+
Definition of pneumonia
Acute parenchymal infection associated wtih:
-2+ symptoms of acute infection (fever, cough, dyspnea)
-Presence of acute infiltration on CXR or auscultatory findings consistent with pneumonia (adventitious ...
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Community Acquired Pneumonia Exam
Questions And Answers Graded A+
Definition of pneumonia
Acute parenchymal infection associated wtih:
-2+ symptoms of acute infection (fever, cough, dyspnea)
-Presence of acute infiltration on CXR or auscultatory findings consistent with pneumonia
(adventitious breath sounds)
Categories of pneumonia
Community acquired pneumonia: infection that begins outside the hospital or is diagnosed within 48
hours after admission
Hospital acquired pneumonia: Pneumonia that occurs 48+ hours after admission, which was not
incubating at time of admission
Ventilator associated pneumonia: Pneumonia that arises >48-72 hours after endotracheal intubation
Epidemiology of community acquired pneumonia
-#1 cause of death by infectious disease, 8th leading cause overall
-Incidence and mortality greatest in <5yrs, and >65yrs
Pathogenesis of community acquired pneumonia
-Bacterial are deposited in terminal bronchioles/alveolar spaces by aspiration or inhalation
-Infection leads to alveolitis with subsequent accumulation of exudates in alveoli --> spreads to
interstitum and possibly pleura
Typical pneumonias
Acquired via aspiration from a previously colonized oropharynx (ex: breath in the air of another's
cough --> aspirate it at night --> pneumonia)
Pathogens:
-Streptococcus pneumoniae
-Haemophilus influeznae
-Moraxella catarrhalis
*Typically gram stain, present like pneumonia, and will see consolidation of CXR
Atypical pneumonias
Acquired by inhalation of bacterial laden aerosols (air is breathed in and does not stop at upper
airway)
Pathogens:
-Legionella pneumophilia
-Mycoplasma pneumoniae
, -Chlamydophilia pneumoniae
-Most viurses: influenza, RSV, parainfluenza, RSV
*Won't gram stain, don't present typically, and don't consolidate on CXR
What does severity of pneumonia depend on?
-Amount of material aspirated/inhaled
-Quantity of bacteria in aspirate/inhalation
-Virulence of organism
-Integrity of host defenses: cough reflex, mucociliary mechanism, phagocytic cells, immune response
Most common causative pathogen of pneumonia
-Historically: strep pneumoniae was most common in all age groups (other than newborns and AIDS
pts)
-Human rhinovirus may be a main player
-Mixed etiologies are common --> bacterial plus viral
*NOTE: etiology is only documented 50% of the time
Which organisms are ALWAYS pathogenic (not colonizers) when isolated from the lower respiratory
tract?
-Legionella
-Mycoplasma
-M. tuberculosis
-Influenza
-RSV
-P. jiroveci
-Histoplasma capsulatum
-Coccidioides immitis
-Blastomyces dermatitidis
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