NR 507 WITH QUESTIONS AND WELL VERIFIED ANSWERS [GRADE A+] ACTUAL EXAM 100%
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Course
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Institution
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
NR 507 WITH QUESTIONS AND WELL
VERIFIED ANSWERS [GRADE A+]
ACTUAL EXAM 100%
Asthma - ANS---Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANS---coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest...
NR 507 WITH QUESTIONS AND WELL
VERIFIED ANSWERS [GRADE A+]
ACTUAL EXAM 100%
Asthma - ANS✔✔---Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANS✔✔---coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANS✔✔----airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-
reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - ANS✔✔---smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - ANS✔✔---innermost layer
,middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - ANS✔✔---the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - ANS✔✔---embedded with connective tissue cells and
immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - ANS✔✔---white blood cells are present to help protect
the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - ANS✔✔---the
WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that
damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANS✔✔---columnar
epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANS✔✔---smooth muscle
cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - ANS✔✔---control the airways
ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - ANS✔✔---When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like
it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air
inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - ANS✔✔---the ongoing inflammatory process of
asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - ANS✔✔----expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - ANS✔✔---tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - ANS✔✔---These drugs block the effects
of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - ANS✔✔---the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic
receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
, - blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
bronchitis - ANS✔✔---inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - ANS✔✔---bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive
years
Perfusion - ANS✔✔---The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells
and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - ANS✔✔---cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis - ANS✔✔---there is hypoxia due to
unfavorable conditions for gas exchange
Right to left shunting - ANS✔✔---when blood passes from the right ventricle through
the lungs and to the left ventricle without perfusion
Causes of bronchitis - ANS✔✔----long term exposure to environmental irritants
-repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy)
-Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)
Pathogenesis of bronchitis - ANS✔✔----Exposure to airborne irritants
- Irritant activates bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus secretion
- Triggers release of inflammatory mediators from immune cells located in the lamina
propria
most common irritant with bronchitis is? - ANS✔✔---tobacco product smoke
what does long term exposure to irritants promote in bronchitis? (5) - ANS✔✔----
smooth muscle hypertrophy
- hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells
- epithelial cell metaplasia
- migration of more WBC to site
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