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NUR 180 Exam 2 DTCC Questions And Answers

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NUR 180 Exam 2 DTCC Questions And Answers CVA Cerebral Vascular Accident (aka stroke or "brain" attack) Causes of CVA -Ischemia (inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body) -Hemorrhagic bleeding Primary Risk Factors for CVA's hypertension, diabetes mellitus, substance ab...

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  • April 26, 2024
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NUR 180 Exam 2 DTCC Questions And
Answers
CVA
Cerebral Vascular Accident (aka stroke or "brain" attack)


Causes of CVA
-Ischemia (inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body)
-Hemorrhagic bleeding


Primary Risk Factors for CVA's
hypertension, diabetes mellitus, substance abuse, sleep apnea, blood cholesterol, heart disease


What is the diagnostic test used to determine a CVA?
CAT scan, MRI, Ultrasound Doppler, Cerebral Arteriography


What is a TIA?
Transient Ischemic Attack
which is a warning sign of an impending CVA; it lasts for less than 24 hrs


Thrombotic CVA
blood clot in the arteries leading to the brain, resulting in blocking of the vessel, common with ages
greater than 50, evolve over time


Embolic CVA
Traveling blood clot (piece) becomes lodged in a brain vessel, rapid symptom onset, common cause is
A. Fib.


Hemorrhagic CVA
-Intracranial hemorrage due to a ruptured blood vessel
-Occurs in older adults w/ poorly controlled HTN
-MOST FATAL TYPE
-Rapid onset of symptoms


signs and symptoms of CVA
-Depends on location and type
-Weakness, numbness, loss of vision, balance/speech difficulties
-Elimination disorders
-Pt. may be acting out of character


Early S & S of a Stroke
-Face drooping
-Arm Weakness
-Speech difficulty


Meds for CVA Prevention
Antiplatelet: to prvent clot formation and blood vessel occlusion (blockage)

, What is the most common heart disorder in the US? Clue: It is also the #1 killer.
CAD/CHD


What is CAD or CHD?
Coronary Atherosclerosis/ Arteriosclerosis


Artherosclerosis
The thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries; can obstruct blood flow to the myocardium


Pathology of Atherosclerosis
Stage 1: Fatty streak formation
Stage 2: Fibrous plaque formation
Stage 3: Stage of complications


Modifiable Risk Factors for CHD
-Cigarette smoking
-Physical Inactivity
-Diet
-Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, hyperlipedemia


Non-modifiable risk factors for CHD/CAD
Age, gender, race/ethnic background, heredity


Metabolic Syndrome
-An emerging risk factor for CAD
-Abdominal obesity, abnormal lipids, hypertension, clotting tendency, elevated fasting blood glucose


What are some examples of medications to treat CAD?
Statins, bile acid sequestrants, fibric acid derivates


Clinical Manifestations of Atherosclerosis
1. Results in vessel at site of plaque
2. Indirect results
3. Tissues affected by atherosclerotic changes


Diagnostic Tests for CAD
EKG, Cardiac Catherization, Blood Tests (CPK, Troponin)


A pt. is newly diagnosed with CAD. What are some goals that the nurse should set for this pt?
-Control BP, keep it <120/<80 mm Hg
-Hyperlipedemia: control cholesterol levels so as to control the fat


What is congestive heart failure?
a condition in which the heart's function as a pump is inadequate to meet the body's needs

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