Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS Needed for glucose to get inside cell
Beta cells - CORRECT ANSWERS Produce insulin in response to elevated
glucose
Normal A1C - CORRECT ANSWERS <5.7%
Pre-diabetes A1C - CORRECT ANSWERS >5.7%
<6.5%
Diabetic A1C - CORRECT ANSWERS >6.5%
Random BS>180 - CORRECT ANSWERS Diabetic
Normal pancreas will not allow BS to go higher than 180
HgbA1C - CORRECT ANSWERS 3 month measure of where glucose is
Gives providers guideline of diabetic management
Life of red blood cell - CORRECT ANSWERS 3 months
Gerontologic considerations of DM
DM type 1 -- CORRECT ANSWERS Risk increases with age
Management is more difficult
-arthritis
-decreased dexterity
-poor eye sight
-understanding etc.
CORRECT ANSWERS Rapid onset
Usually dx by age 21
Peak incidence from 10-15 years
DM type 1 ssx - CORRECT ANSWERS Weight loss (altered metabolism)
Fatigue
Increased frequency of infections (due to increased BS)
Insulin dependent
Familial tendency
Primary clinical manifestations of DM type 1 - CORRECT ANSWERS Polyuria
(increased urination)
Polydipsia (increased thirst) (cells not getting glucose)
,Polyphagia (increased hunger)
Monitoring blood glucose - CORRECT ANSWERS Assess/evaluate effectiveness of
tx
Adjusting insulin dose
Monitor for hyper/hypoglycemia
Maintain BS in therapeuticrange
checked 3-4 times per day in type 1
BS therapeutic range - CORRECT ANSWERS 80-100 (ideal)
<126 for diabetic
HgbA1C <6.5%
-Reduces long term side effects of diabetes
Insulin pump - CORRECT ANSWERS Only for type 1 DM
-Needle is changed Q3 days (can shower with it)
-Delivers insulin based on BS to maintain continuously
-Contains rapid acting insulin
Prediabetes - CORRECT ANSWERS BS higher than normal but not high enough
to be diabetes
-Some people may have no symptoms
Risks for type 2 DM - CORRECT ANSWERS Family history of diabetes
>45 years old
Race/ethnicity (increased incidence in African American and hispanics)
History of GDM
Physical inactivity
High body fat or body weight
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Metabolic syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypertension
Obesity
High cholesterol
Lipodystrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS Insulin reaction in skin (cyst like)
-If insulin injected into area, will not metabolize appropriately causing hyperglycemia
Insulin pen - CORRECT ANSWERS Prime with 2 units
Administering subcutaneous insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS Do not rotate sites,
where you administer effects when it peaks
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