Indiana Category 6 Industrial Weed Management Graded A+ Leaves ✔️perform photosynthesis (sugar production) and gas exchange Cuticle ✔️a protective coating on leaves Stems ✔️provide support, some photosynthesis, and food storage Stolons ✔️horizontal stems running on the soil surface Rhizomes ✔️underground horizontal stems Roots ✔️offer anchorage, water, and nutrient uptake, and food storage Xylem ✔️moves water and soil nutrients from the roots to the leaves Pholem ✔️transports sugars that are manufactures in the leaves during photosynthesis, primarily downward to the roods Cambium ✔️the plant tissue responsible for growth Benefits of vegetation management on righ ts-of-way ✔️to keep weeds clear of signals, signs, crossroads, and other cars; to allow for inspections in ROW's; to minimize fire hazard; to reduce power and communication interruptions; and improve drainage Grasses ✔️plants with narrow, up -right leaves with parallel veins, stems that are hollow and jointed, and fibrous root systems Broadleaves ✔️plants with non -parallel leaf margins and non -parallel leaf veins, with coarse root systems (often with a noticeable tap -root) Forb ✔️broad -leafed herbaceous p lant (doesn't produce persistent woody tissue) Trees ✔️broadleaf plants that produce persistent, woody tissue on branching, erect stems. This plant usually has a main stem (trunk), and grows more than 10 feet. Brush ✔️broadleaf plants that produce persis tent, woody tissue on branching, erect stems. This is a woody plant with multiple stems that grow less than 10 feet high. Ferns ✔️seedless plants that spread by spores and prefer moist soils. Annual plants ✔️plants that complete their life cycle in one year Biennial plants ✔️Plants that complete their life cycle in two growing seasons. Best controlled during the first year. Perennial plants ✔️Plants that complete all four growth stages in the first year, then repeat the vegetative, reproductive, and maturity stages for several years following. Best controlled as seedlings. Simple Perennials ✔️spread by seed, and cut root segments Creeping Perennials ✔️spread by stolons, rhizomes, or by seed Bulbous perennials ✔️reproduce from underground bulbs or tubers (they also produce seed) Weed Growth Stages ✔️1. Seedling 2. Vegetative 3. Reproductive 4. Maturity
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