What is training? - Formal and planned efforts that allow employees to acquire KSAs to improve performance in their current job
What is development? - Formal and planned efforts to help employees acquire KSAs required to perform future job responsibilities, i.e., career goals and organizational ...
Mana 444 Exam Questions and Answers
Graded A 2024
What is training? - Formal and planned efforts that allow employees to acquire KSAs to
improve performance in their current job
What is development? - Formal and planned efforts to help employees acquire KSAs
required to perform future job responsibilities, i.e., career goals and organizational
objectives
How do we learn? - Senses > Filters (perceptions) > Memory (short & long term)
What are intrinsic benefits? - - benefit by acquiring new knowledge and skills that
enable them to perform their job better
- trained employees also developed greater confidence or self-efficacy, more positive
attitudes
What are extrinsic benefits? - Include things such as higher earnings as a result of
increased knowledge and skills, improved marketability, greater security of employment,
enhanced opportunities for advancement and promotion
Informal vs Formal learning - Informal Learning: learning that occurs naturally as part of
work and is not planned or designed by the organization
Formal Learning: an expressed goal set by the organization and a defined process that
is structured and sponsored by the organization
Type of Learning: Gagné's Model - - Verbal information
- Intellectual skills
- Motor skills
- Cognitive strategies
- Attitudes
ACT Theory - Learning takes place in three stages that are known as declarative
knowledge, knowledge compilation, and procedural knowledge or proceduralization
Stage 1 of Learning: Declarative Knowledge - - Involves learning knowledge, facts, and
information.
- During the first stage one must devote all of 1's attention in cognitive resources to the
task of learning
Stage 2 of Learning: Knowledge Compilation - - Involves integrating tasks into
sequences to simplify and streamline the task
- Ability to translate declarative knowledge acquired in stage 1 into sequenced tasks
, - Performance becomes faster and more accurate
- Knowledge compilation, lower attention requirements
Stage 3 of Learning: Procedural Knowledge (proceduralizaiton) - - Learner has
mastered the task and performance is automatic and habitual
- Tasks can now be performed without much thought
- Transition from knowledge acquisition to application is complete
- Tasks can be performed with relatively little attention
- Performance is fast and accurate
ACT implications for training - - Recognizes that learning is a sequential and stage like
process that involves three important stages
- Indicates that different types of learning take place at different stages
- Motivational interventions might be more or less effective depending on the stage of
learning
Learning Theories - - Operant Conditioning Theory
- Social Cognitive Theory
Operant Conditioning Theory - People learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired
consequences and learn not to perform behaviors that lead to undesired consequences
Social Cognitive Theory - - Learning through interactions with others
- Can be formal or informal
- Learning through observation of behavior, making choices about different courses of
action to pursue and managing own behavior
- Involves: Observation, self-efficacy, self-regulation
Implications of Operant Conditioning Theory - Trainees should be encouraged and
reinforced throughout the training process and training will be more effective
Implications of Social Cognitive Theory - - Importance of training design in improving
learning
- Consider use of behaviour modelling, increasing self-efficacy, and teaching trainees
about self-regulation in design of training
Adult Learning Theory (ALT) - Andragogy - Adult oriented approach to learning that
takes into account the differences between adults and child learners
Adult Learning Theory (ALT) - Pedagogy - The more traditional approach of learning
used to educate children and youth
Adult Theory Implications for Training - - Adult learners should be involved in the
planning of training and development which should be a collaborative process
- The design and instruction of training program should be the joint responsibility of the
trainer and trainees and based on trainee's self-assessment of their needs
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